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Changes in the Neighborhood Food Store Environment and Children's Body Mass Index at Peripuberty in the United States.

ABSTRACT: Little is known about the relationship between changes in food store environment and children's obesity risk in the United States. This study examines children's weight status associated with the changes in the quantity of food stores in their neighborhoods.A nationally representative cohort of schoolchildren in the United States was followed from fifth grade in 2004 to eighth grade in 2007 (n = 7,090). In 2004 and 2007, children's body mass index (BMI) was directly measured in schools. ZIP Code Business Patterns data from the Census Bureau in 2004 and 2007 characterized the numbers of food stores in every ZIP code area by type of store: supermarkets, limited-service restaurants, small-size grocery, and convenience stores. Baseline and change in the numbers of stores were the major exposures of interest.Girls living in neighborhoods with three or more supermarkets had a lower BMI 3 years later (by -.62 kg/m(2); 95% confidence interval = -1.05 to -.18) than did those living in neighborhoods without any supermarkets. Girls living in neighborhoods with many limited-service restaurants had a greater BMI 3 years later (by 1.02 kg/m(2); 95% confidence interval = .36-1.68) than did those living in neighborhoods with less than or equal to one limited-service restaurant. Exposure to a decreased quantity of small-size grocery stores in neighborhoods was associated with girls' lower BMI by eighth grade.The longitudinal association between neighborhood food environment and children's BMI differed by gender. For girls, supermarkets in neighborhoods seemed protective against obesity, whereas small-size grocery stores and limited-service restaurants in neighborhoods increased obesity risk. There was no significant longitudinal finding for boys.

SUBMITTER: Chen HJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4693631 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Changes in the Neighborhood Food Store Environment and Children's Body Mass Index at Peripuberty in the United States.

Chen Hsin-Jen HJ Wang Youfa Y

The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine 20160101 1

<h4>Purpose</h4>Little is known about the relationship between changes in food store environment and children's obesity risk in the United States. This study examines children's weight status associated with the changes in the quantity of food stores in their neighborhoods.<h4>Methods</h4>A nationally representative cohort of schoolchildren in the United States was followed from fifth grade in 2004 to eighth grade in 2007 (n = 7,090). In 2004 and 2007, children's body mass index (BMI) was direct ...[more]

PMID: 26707233

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Project description:To investigate the association between the neighborhood food environment and body mass index (BMI) among Chinese older adults. A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to recruit participants from 12 communities in Beijing, China, in 2019. Participants (n = 1764, 1034 women) in this study were older adults aged 65 to 80. We collected the participants' basic information, measured their height and weight, and calculated their BMI. Neighborhood food environments were measured by the density of and proximity to different food outlets using the Baidu Map Application Programming Interface. Adjusted multiple linear regression was performed to estimate the association between the food environment and BMI. Participants had a mean age of 69.7 ± 4.32 years old and an average BMI of 26.3 ± 3.50 kg/m2. Among the three types of stores, convenience stores had the easiest access, followed by greengrocers and supermarkets. Sit-down restaurants had the best access among different restaurants, followed by Chinese fast-food restaurants, and western fast-food restaurants had the worst access. Easier access to greengrocers (β = 0.281, p < 0.001) and sit-down restaurants (β = 0.304, p < 0.001) was associated with higher BMI in the 250 m buffer zone. More supermarkets were associated with higher BMI in the 500 m buffer zone (β = 0.593, p < 0.001). Access to convenience stores was positively associated with BMI in the 800 m buffer zone (β = 0.057, p < 0.001). Better access to Chinese fast-food restaurants was associated with higher BMI (β = 0.071, p = 0.001), and better access to western fast- food restaurants was associated with lower BMI (β = -0.400, p < 0.001) in the 1000 m buffer zone. There was a negative association between the nearest distance to greengrocers and BMI (β = -0.004, p < 0.001). Although we found some significant associations between the neighborhood food environment and obesity, the current results are not strong enough to draw specific conclusions. Policymakers will need to rely on more evidence to derive concrete policy recommendations.

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Project description:With the on-going interest in implementing school policies to address the problem of childhood obesity in Malaysia, there is urgent need for information about the association between school environment and children's weight status. This study aims to investigate the association between school environmental factors (physical, economic, political and sociocultural) with BMI of school children in Terengganu. The school environment factors were assessed using a set of validated whole-school environmental mapping questionnaires, consisting of 76 criteria with four domains; physical environment (41 criteria), economic environment (nine criteria), political environment (nine criteria) and sociocultural environment (17 criteria). This involved face-to-face interview sessions with 32 teachers from 16 schools (eight rural and eight urban). In addition, 400 school children aged between 9 and 11 years of the selected schools were assessed for BMI (WHO 2007 reference chart), dietary intake (food frequency questionnaire (FFQ)) and physical activity level (physical activity questionnaire for children (PAQ-C)). Multiple regression was used to examine the association between school environment factors and BMI of the school children. Seven school environment criteria were found to be associated with BMI of school children when it was adjusted for calorie intake and physical activity level. About 33.4% of the variation in BMI of school children was explained by health professional involvement, simple exercise before class, encouragement to walk/ride bicycle to/from school, no high-calorie food sold, healthy options of foods and drinks at tuck shop, availability of policy on physical activity and training teacher as a role model. Policy makers should make urgent actions to address the obesogenic features of school environments. It should strive towards setting up healthy school environment and improving school curricula to promote healthy behaviours among the school children.

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Dataset Information

Changes in the Neighborhood Food Store Environment and Children's Body Mass Index at Peripuberty in the United States.

Publications

Changes in the Neighborhood Food Store Environment and Children's Body Mass Index at Peripuberty in the United States.

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