Dataset Information

Biochemical Characterization of Medaka (Oryzias latipes) Transglutaminases, OlTGK1 and OlTGK2, as Orthologues of Human Keratinocyte-Type Transglutaminase.

ABSTRACT: Calcium-dependent transglutaminases (TGs) are a family of enzymes that catalyze protein cross-linking and/or attachment of primary amines in a variety of organisms. Mammalian TGs are implicated in multiple biological events such as skin formation, blood coagulation, and extracellular matrix stabilization. Medaka (Oryzias latipes) has been used as a model fish to investigate the physiological functions of mammalian proteins. By analysis of the medaka genome, we found seven TGs orthologues, some of which apparently corresponded to the mammalian TG isozymes, TG1, TG2, and Factor XIII. All orthologues had preserved amino acid residues essential for enzymatic activity in their deduced primary structures. In this study, we analyzed biochemical properties of two orthologues (OlTGK1 and OlTGK2) of mammalian epithelium-specific TG (TG1) that are significantly expressed at the transcriptional level. Using purified recombinant proteins for OlTGK1 and OlTGK2, we characterized their catalytic reactions. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analyses of fish sections revealed higher expression in the pancreas (OTGK1), intervertebral disk (OlTGK2) and pharyngeal teeth (OlTGK2) as well as in the skin epidermis.

SUBMITTER: Kikuta A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4694659 | biostudies-literature | 2015

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Biochemical Characterization of Medaka (Oryzias latipes) Transglutaminases, OlTGK1 and OlTGK2, as Orthologues of Human Keratinocyte-Type Transglutaminase.

Kikuta Ayaka A Furukawa Eri E Ogawa Ryota R Suganuma Natsuki N Saitoh Mai M Nishimaki Toshiyuki T Katsumura Takafumi T Oota Hiroki H Kawamoto Tadafumi T Tatsukawa Hideki H Hashimoto Hisashi H Hitomi Kiyotaka K

PloS one 20151229 12

Calcium-dependent transglutaminases (TGs) are a family of enzymes that catalyze protein cross-linking and/or attachment of primary amines in a variety of organisms. Mammalian TGs are implicated in multiple biological events such as skin formation, blood coagulation, and extracellular matrix stabilization. Medaka (Oryzias latipes) has been used as a model fish to investigate the physiological functions of mammalian proteins. By analysis of the medaka genome, we found seven TGs orthologues, some o ...[more]

PMID: 26713442

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Project description:BackgroundPrimordial germ cells (PGCs) give rise to gametes that are responsible for the development of a new organism in the next generation. Two modes of germ line specification have been described: the inheritance of asymmetrically-localized maternally provided cytoplasmic determinants and the induction of the PGC fate by other cell types. PGCs specification in zebrafish appears to depend on inheritance of germ plasm in which several RNA molecules such as vasa and nanos reside. Whether the specification mode of PGCs found in zebrafish is general for other fish species was brought into question upon analysis of olvas expression--the vasa homologue in another teleost, medaka (Oryzias latipes). Here, in contrast to the findings in zebrafish, the PGCs are found in a predictable position relative to a somatic structure, the embryonic shield. This finding, coupled with the fact that vasa mRNA, which is localized to the germ plasm of zebrafish but does not label a similar structure in medaka opened the possibility of fundamentally different mechanisms governing PGC specification in these two fish species.ResultsIn this study we addressed the question concerning the mode of PGC specification in medaka using embryological experiments, analysis of RNA stability in the PGCs and electron microscopy observations. Dramatic alterations in the somatic environment, i.e. induction of a secondary axis or mesoderm formation alteration, did not affect the PGC number. Furthermore, the PGCs of medaka are capable of protecting specific RNA molecules from degradation and could therefore exhibit a specific mRNA expression pattern controlled by posttrancriptional mechanisms. Subsequent analysis of 4-cell stage medaka embryos using electron microscopy revealed germ plasm-like structures located at a region corresponding to that of zebrafish germ plasm.ConclusionTaken together, these results are consistent with the idea that in medaka the inheritance of maternally provided asymmetrically-localized cytoplasmic determinants directs cells to assume the germ line fate similar to zebrafish PGCs.

Dataset Information

Biochemical Characterization of Medaka (Oryzias latipes) Transglutaminases, OlTGK1 and OlTGK2, as Orthologues of Human Keratinocyte-Type Transglutaminase.

Publications

Biochemical Characterization of Medaka (Oryzias latipes) Transglutaminases, OlTGK1 and OlTGK2, as Orthologues of Human Keratinocyte-Type Transglutaminase.

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