Rapid Emergence and Clonal Dissemination of CTX-M-15-Producing Salmonella enterica Serotype Virchow, South Korea.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Kim JS
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4696704 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Similar Datasets
Project description:During 2002 to 2003, eight Salmonella enterica serotype Virchow poultry and poultry product isolates from various sources (chicken farms, poultry slaughterhouse, or retail store) and one S. enterica rough strain isolated from human feces were found to produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-9. Poultry and poultry product isolates were recovered from different locations in the southwest of France. The human rough isolate had sequences of flagellin genes (fliC and fljB) typical of serotype Virchow and ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns closely similar to those of serotype Virchow strains. PFGE confirmed the clonal relationship between the poultry isolates, while the human isolate displayed a pattern with 94% homology. The bla(CTX-M-9) gene was located on a conjugative plasmid and was shown to be linked to orf513. Plasmid profiling found a very similar EcoRI restriction pattern in six transconjugants studied, including transconjugants obtained from the human isolate. A single hatchery, supplying chicks to the six farms, was identified. Emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing S. enterica strains in food animals is a major concern, as such strains could disseminate on a large scale and lead to antibiotic therapy difficulties.
| S-EPMC535271 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Four Salmonella enterica serovar Virchow strains resistant to broad-spectrum cephalosporins were isolated from patients with gastroenteritis in 1997 and 1998 in Murcia and Barcelona, Spain. The isolates expressed a beta-lactamase with a pI of about 8 and a positive PCR when specific primers for CTX-M-9 were used. These results suggest the presence of a CTX-M-9 beta-lactamase in these strains.
| S-EPMC87664 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Antibiotic treatment is not required in cases of Salmonella enterica gastroenteritis but is essential in cases of enteric fever or invasive salmonellosis or in immunocompromised patients. Although fluoroquinolones and extended-spectrum cephalosporins are the drugs of choice to treat invasive Salmonella, resistance to these antibiotics is increasing worldwide. During the period 2000 to 2003, 90 Salmonella enterica serovar Virchow poultry and poultry product isolates and 11 serovar Virchow human isolates were found to produce an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, CTX-M-2, concomitantly with a TEM-1 beta-lactamase. The bla(CTX-M-2) gene was located on a large conjugative plasmid (>100 kb). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis indicated a clonal relationship between the poultry and human isolates. All these isolates displayed additional resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline as well as a reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (MICs of between 0.5 and 1 mug/ml). CTX-M-2-producing Salmonella with a reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones constitutes a major concern, since such strains could disseminate on a large scale and jeopardize classical antibiotic therapy in immunocompromised patients.
| S-EPMC1594617 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We identified two distinct bla(CTX-M)-bearing and five distinct bla(CMY-2)-bearing genetic structures located on plasmids from Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli isolates (n = 35) collected from chickens in South Korea. All Salmonella plasmids shared a common replicon, bla(CTX-M-15) transposon, and core resistance phenotype, while E. coli bla(CTX-M-15) plasmids included four distinct replicons.
| S-EPMC3632924 | biostudies-literature
Project description:A chloramphenicol-resistant strain of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi was first noted in Korea in 1992, when a resistant isolate was detected in a returned traveler. Continued isolation of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains thereafter in other settings prompted a retrospective analysis of laboratory records and phenotypic and genotypic analyses of 12 chloramphenicol-resistant isolates. Among these, one isolate was resistant only to chloramphenicol, and the other isolates were also resistant to ampicillin and co-trimoxazole. MDR was transferred by conjugation from 9 of the 11 isolates. PCR showed that all isolates had an incompatible group HI1 plasmid, and oriT was detected in 10 isolates, which included strains with an unsuccessful transfer of resistance. All of the ampicillin-resistant isolates had a beta-lactamase band of pI 5.4 and bla(TEM) alleles. A PCR amplicon from an isolate showed that the sequences were identical to those of bla(TEM-1), suggesting that all isolates had a TEM-1 beta-lactamase. All isolates had class 1 integrons: 10 isolates had integrons of ca. 1.2 kb with dhfr7 gene cassettes, and 1 isolate had an integron of ca. 2.3 kb with aacA4 and bla(OXA-1)-like gene cassettes. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of 7 of 11 MDR isolates were identical and indistinguishable from those reported for isolates in India and Indonesia. In conclusion, some of the MDR strains in Korea are related to those in other Asian countries. Susceptibility testing became necessary for selection of antimicrobial agents for the optimal treatment of patients with the emergence of MDR Salmonella serovar Typhi in Korea.
| S-EPMC525459 | biostudies-literature
Project description:OBJECTIVES:Recent reports indicate the emergence of a new carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae clone, ST307. We sought to better understand the global epidemiology and evolution of this clone and evaluate its association with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. METHODS:We collated information from the literature and public databases and performed a comparative analysis of 95 ST307 genomes (including 37 that were newly sequenced). RESULTS:We show that ST307 emerged in the mid-1990s (nearly 20?years prior to its first report), is already globally distributed and is intimately associated with a conserved plasmid harbouring the blaCTX-M-15 ESBL gene and several other AMR determinants. CONCLUSIONS:Our findings support the need for enhanced surveillance of this widespread ESBL clone in which carbapenem resistance has occasionally emerged.
| S-EPMC6376852 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We screened Salmonella and Escherichia coli isolates, collected 2004-2008 in the United Kingdom, for 16S rRNA methyltransferases. rmtC was identified in S. enterica serovar Virchow isolates from clinical samples and food. All isolates were clonally related and bore the rmtC gene on the bacterial chromosome. Surveillance for and research on these resistance determinants are essential.
| S-EPMC3321942 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Salmonella enterica serovar Virchow is highly prevalent in humans and farm animals in Israel. In addition to high rates of resistance to multiple antibiotics, this serovar exhibits a high incidence of resistance to nalidixic acid. More than 90% of Salmonella serovar Virchow isolates of human and poultry origin obtained from 1997 to 2004 were resistant to nalidixic acid (MIC > or = 128 microg/ml), with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (MIC between 0.125 and 0.250 microg/ml). Most isolates belonged to two predominant, closely related pulsed-field gel electrophoresis image types. Investigation of the mechanisms of quinolone resistance revealed that this pathogen probably emerged from a parental clone that overproduced the AcrAB efflux pump and had a single point mutation in gyrA leading to the Asp87Tyr substitution. The close resemblance between human and poultry isolates points to poultry as a likely source of Salmonella serovar Virchow in the food chain.
| S-EPMC1951243 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Virchow has been recognized as a significant health burden in Asia, Australia and Europe. In addition to its global distribution, S. Virchow is clinically significant due to the frequency at which it causes invasive infections and its association with outbreaks arising from food-borne transmission. Here, we examine the genome of an invasive isolate of S. Virchow SVQ1 (phage type 8) from an outbreak in southeast Queensland, Australia. In addition to identifying new potential genotyping targets that could be used for discriminating between S. Virchow strains in outbreak scenarios, we also aimed to carry out a comprehensive comparative analysis of the S. Virchow genomes. RESULTS: Genome comparisons between S. Virchow SVQ1 and S. Virchow SL491, a previously published strain, identified a high degree of genomic similarity between the two strains with fewer than 200 single nucleotide differences. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) regions were identified as a highly variable region that could be used to discriminate between S. Virchow isolates. We amplified and sequenced the CRISPR regions of fifteen S. Virchow isolates collected from seven different outbreaks across Australia. We observed three allelic types of the CRISPR region from these isolates based on the presence/absence of the spacers and were able to discriminate S. Virchow phage type 8 isolates originating from different outbreaks. A comparison with 27 published Salmonella genomes found that the S. Virchow SVQ1 genome encodes 11 previously described Salmonella Pathogenicity Islands (SPI), as well as additional genomic islands including a remnant integrative conjugative element that is distinct from SPI-7. In addition, the S. Virchow genome possesses a novel prophage that encodes the Type III secretion system effector protein SopE, a key Salmonella virulence factor. The prophage shares very little similarity to the SopE prophages found in other Salmonella serovars suggesting an independent acquisition of sopE. CONCLUSIONS: The availability of this genome will serve as a genome template and facilitate further studies on understanding the virulence and global distribution of the S. Virchow serovar, as well as the development of genotyping methods for outbreak investigations.
| S-EPMC4042001 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Salmonella is estimated to cause over a million infections and ~400 deaths annually in the U.S. Salmonella enterica serotype Javiana strains (n = 409) that predominantly originated from the State of Arkansas over a six-year period (2003 to 2008) were studied. This period coincided with a rapid rise in the incidence of S. Javiana infections in the U.S. Children under the age of 10 displayed the highest prevalence of S. Javiana infections, regardless of sex or year of detection. Antimicrobial susceptibility to 15 different antimicrobials was assessed and 92% (n = 375) were resistant to at least one of the antimicrobials. Approximately 89% of the isolates were resistant to sulfisoxazole alone and 3% (n = 11) were resistant to different antimicrobials, including gentamicin, ciprofloxacin or ceftiofur. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analyses assessed the genotypic diversity and distribution of S. Javiana strains using XbaI restriction. Nine major clusters were identified and isolates from each group were digested with the restriction enzyme AvrII. Isolates with identical profiles of XbaI and AvrII were found to be disseminated in human populations. These distinct "types" of S. Javiana were persistent in human populations for multiple years. A subset of isolates (n = 19) with unique resistance phenotypes underwent plasmid and incompatibility (Inc) type analyses and the isolates resistant to more than one antimicrobial harbored multiple plasmids (<3 to 165 kb). Furthermore, these strains possessed 14 virulence genes, including pagC, cdtB, and iroN. The whole genome sequences (WGS) of 18 isolates that mostly originated from Arkansas from 2003 to 2011 were compared with isolates collected from different areas in the U.S. in 1999, indicating the perseverance of S. Javiana in disseminating antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes.
| S-EPMC9611979 | biostudies-literature