Dataset Information

Salivary Cytoprotective Proteins in Inflammation and Resolution during Experimental Gingivitis--A Pilot Study.

ABSTRACT: The protective mechanisms that maintain periodontal homeostasis in gingivitis and prevent periodontal tissue destruction are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to identify changes in the salivary proteome during experimental gingivitis.We used oral neutrophil quantification and whole saliva (WS) proteomics to assess changes that occur in the inflammatory and resolution phases of gingivitis in healthy individuals. Oral neutrophils and WS samples were collected and clinical parameters measured on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35.Increased oral neutrophil recruitment and salivary cytoprotective proteins increased progressively during inflammation and decreased in resolution. Oral neutrophil numbers in gingival inflammation and resolution correlated moderately with salivary ?-globin, thioredoxin, and albumin and strongly with collagen alpha-1 and G-protein coupled receptor 98.Our results indicate that changes in salivary cytoprotective proteins in gingivitis are associated with a similar trend in oral neutrophil recruitment and clinical parameters.We found moderate to strong correlations between oral neutrophil numbers and levels of several salivary cytoprotective proteins both in the development of the inflammation and in the resolution of gingivitis. Our proteomics approach identified and relatively quantified specific cytoprotective proteins in this pilot study of experimental gingivitis; however, future and more comprehensive studies are needed to clearly identify and validate those protein biomarkers when gingivitis is active.

SUBMITTER: Aboodi GM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4700204 | biostudies-literature | 2015

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Salivary Cytoprotective Proteins in Inflammation and Resolution during Experimental Gingivitis--A Pilot Study.

Aboodi Guy M GM Sima Corneliu C Moffa Eduardo B EB Crosara Karla T B KT Xiao Yizhi Y Siqueira Walter L WL Glogauer Michael M

Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology 20160105

<h4>Objective</h4>The protective mechanisms that maintain periodontal homeostasis in gingivitis and prevent periodontal tissue destruction are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to identify changes in the salivary proteome during experimental gingivitis.<h4>Study design</h4>We used oral neutrophil quantification and whole saliva (WS) proteomics to assess changes that occur in the inflammatory and resolution phases of gingivitis in healthy individuals. Oral neutrophils and WS samples we ...[more]

PMID: 26779447

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Project description:Oral polymorphonuclear neutrophils (oPMNs) are essential for the maintenance of oral health. Functionally active oPMNs have been described in oral health, gingivitis and periodontitis. Interestingly, recent evidence showed that oPMNs from chronic periodontitis patients have a similar functional and reactivity pattern compared to oPMNs from healthy subjects. However, it remains unknown whether oPMNs respond to the initiation and resolution of gingival inflammation. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the oPMNs’ transcriptional responses during the initiation and resolution of an experimentally induced gingivitis. Oral rinses were obtained from 8 subjects at 4 different time points during the experiment for the isolation of oPMNs; day 0 (baseline), day 9 (during gingivitis challenge), day 14 (end of the challenge) and day 21 (resolution). Transcriptome of oPMNs was determined by RNAsequencing. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was selected at P<0.01 level, and evaluated for pathway regulation at different time points using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis suite. During the gingivitis challenge, dental plaque levels and gingival bleeding levels were significantly increased at day 14 compared to baseline. Transcriptome analysis indicate four major clusters of DEGs, which consisted of a group of 256 initial response DEGs (day 9 only), 221 late response DEGs (day 14 only), 53 persistent response DEGs (consistent at day 9 and day 14), and a group of 524 DEGs showing response only after the gingivitis challenge (day 21 only). Pathway analysis of the initial response DEGs showed their involvement in many immune regulatory pathways (interleukin signaling, reactive oxygen species processes and granulocyte adhesion and diapedesis). Late responding DEGs mainly showed activation of signaling pathways and phagosome formation as part of the phagocytosis process, whereas DEGs at day 21 were involved in epithelial adherence signaling and other miscellaneous related signaling pathways. This study showed that oPMNs have specific expression profiles during the development and resolution of experimental gingivitis. Even though, the specific observed pathways were not identical within each time point, the altered pathways indicate PMN responses in general and suggests an immunomodulatory role for the oPMNs. The oPMNs may therefore play a co-controlling part in the initiation and resolution of gingival inflammation.

Project description:Current knowledge of the microbial composition of dental plaque in early gingivitis is based largely on microscopy and cultural methods, which do not provide a comprehensive description of oral microbial communities. This study used 454-pyrosequencing of the V1-V3 region of 16S rRNA genes (approximately 500 bp), and bacterial culture, to characterize the composition of plaque during the transition from periodontal health to gingivitis. A total of 20 healthy volunteers abstained from oral hygiene for two weeks, allowing plaque to accumulate and gingivitis to develop. Plaque samples were analyzed at baseline, and after one and two weeks. In addition, plaque samples from 20 chronic periodontitis patients were analyzed for cross-sectional comparison to the experimental gingivitis cohort. All of the healthy volunteers developed gingivitis after two weeks. Pyrosequencing yielded a final total of 344,267 sequences after filtering, with a mean length of 354 bases, that were clustered into an average of 299 species-level Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) per sample. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) plots revealed significant shifts in the bacterial community structure of plaque as gingivitis was induced, and community diversity increased significantly after two weeks. Changes in the relative abundance of OTUs during the transition from health to gingivitis were correlated to bleeding on probing (BoP) scores and resulted in the identification of new health- and gingivitis-associated taxa. Comparison of the healthy volunteers to the periodontitis patients also confirmed the association of a number of putative periodontal pathogens with chronic periodontitis. Taxa associated with gingivitis included Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. polymorphum, Lachnospiraceae [G-2] sp. HOT100, Lautropia sp. HOTA94, and Prevotella oulorum, whilst Rothia dentocariosa was associated with periodontal health. Further study of these taxa is warranted and may lead to new therapeutic approaches to prevent periodontal disease.

Dataset Information

Salivary Cytoprotective Proteins in Inflammation and Resolution during Experimental Gingivitis--A Pilot Study.

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Salivary Cytoprotective Proteins in Inflammation and Resolution during Experimental Gingivitis--A Pilot Study.

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