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Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation Lowers Serum FSH in Normal Weight But Not Obese Women.

ABSTRACT: CONTEXT:Dietary omega-3 fatty acids delay ovarian aging and promote oocyte quality in mice. OBJECTIVE:To test whether dietary supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) modulates reproductive hormones in reproductive-age women. DESIGN:Prospective interventional study. SETTING:Academic center. PARTICIPANTS:Fifteen obese and 12 normal-weight (NW) eumenorrheic women, ages 28-34 years. INTERVENTION:Two frequent blood-sampling studies were performed before and after 1 month of omega-3 PUFA supplementation with 4 g of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid daily. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Serum LH and FSH (basal and after GnRH stimulation). RESULTS:The ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 PUFA was significantly reduced in plasma and red blood cell components for both groups after treatment (both P < .01). Omega-3 PUFA supplementation resulted in reduction of FSH and FSH response to GnRH by 17% on average (P = .06 and P = .03, respectively) in NW but not obese women. Serum levels of IL-1? and TNF-? were reduced after omega-3 PUFA supplementation (-72% for IL-1?; -56% for TNF-?; both, P < .05) in obese but not in NW women. This reduction, however, was not associated with a hormonal change in obese women. CONCLUSIONS:Dietary administration with omega-3 PUFA decreased serum FSH levels in NW but not in obese women with normal ovarian reserve. This effect is intriguing and is directionally consistent with murine data whereby higher dietary omega-3 PUFA extends reproductive lifespan. Our results imply that this nutritional intervention should be tested in women with diminished ovarian reserve in an attempt to delay ovarian aging.

SUBMITTER: Al-Safi ZA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4701838 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation Lowers Serum FSH in Normal Weight But Not Obese Women.

Al-Safi Zain A ZA Liu Huayu H Carlson Nichole E NE Chosich Justin J Harris Mary M Bradford Andrew P AP Robledo Celeste C Eckel Robert H RH Polotsky Alex J AJ

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 20151102 1

<h4>Context</h4>Dietary omega-3 fatty acids delay ovarian aging and promote oocyte quality in mice.<h4>Objective</h4>To test whether dietary supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) modulates reproductive hormones in reproductive-age women.<h4>Design</h4>Prospective interventional study.<h4>Setting</h4>Academic center.<h4>Participants</h4>Fifteen obese and 12 normal-weight (NW) eumenorrheic women, ages 28-34 years.<h4>Intervention</h4>Two frequent blood-sampling studies we ...[more]

PMID: 26523525

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Project description:Although vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among obese individuals, its cause is poorly understood. Few studies have measured vitamin D concentrations in adipose of obese (OB) subjects, and none have included normal weight controls (C). The goal of this study was to investigate whether the relationship between body composition, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), vitamin D in subcutaneous (SQ) and omental (OM) adipose, and total adipose stores of vitamin D differ among OB and C. Obese women undergoing bariatric surgery and normal-weight women undergoing abdominal surgery for benign gynecologic conditions were enrolled. Subjects had measurements of serum 25OHD by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Vitamin D concentrations in SQ and OM adipose were measured by mass spectroscopy. Thirty-six women were enrolled. Serum 25OHD was similar between groups (OB 27?±?2 versus C 26?±?2?ng/mL; p?=?0.71). Adipose vitamin D concentrations were not significantly different in either SQ (OB 34?±?9 versus C 26?±?12?ng/g; p?=?0.63) or OM compartments (OB 51?±?13 versus C 30?±?18?ng/g; p?=?0.37). The distribution of vitamin D between SQ and OM compartments was similar between groups. Serum 25OHD was directly related to adipose vitamin D in both groups. Total body vitamin D stores were significantly greater in OB than in C (2.3?±?0.6 versus 0.4?±?0.8?mg, respectively; p?<?0.01). In summary, although OB had significantly greater total vitamin D stores than C, the relationship between serum 25OHD and fat vitamin D and the overall pattern of distribution of vitamin D between the OM and SQ fat compartments was similar. Our data demonstrate that obese subjects have greater adipose stores of vitamin D. They support the hypotheses that the enlarged adipose mass in obese individuals serves as a reservoir for vitamin D and that the increased amount of vitamin D required to saturate this depot may predispose obese individuals to inadequate serum 25OHD. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

Project description:Elevated circulating lipid levels are known risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In order to examine the effects of quercetin on hepatic lipid metabolism and detailed serum lipid profiles, mice received a mild-high-fat diet without (control) or with supplementation of 0.33% (w/w) quercetin for 12 weeks. Gas chromatography and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance were used to measure quantitatively serum lipid profiles and whole genome microarray analysis was used to identify the responsible mechanisms in liver. There were no significant differences found in mean body weight, energy intake and hepatic lipid accumulation between the quercetin and control group. In serum of quercetin-fed mice, TG levels were decreased with 15%, poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were increased with 14% and saturated fatty acids were decreased. Palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid were all decreased in quercetin-fed mice by 9-15%. Both palmitic acid and oleic acid can be oxidized by omega-oxidation. Indeed, gene expression profiling showed that quercetin increased hepatic lipid metabolism, especially omega-oxidation. At the gene level, this was reflected by the up regulation of cytochrome P450 (Cyp) 4a10, Cyp4a14, Cyp4a31 and Acyl-CoA thioesterase 3 (Acot3). Two relevant regulators, Cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (Por, rate limiting for cytochrome P450s) and the transcription factor Constitutive androstane receptor (Car; official symbol Nr1i3) were also up regulated in the quercetin-fed mice. We conclude that quercetin intake increased hepatic lipid omega-oxidation and lowered corresponding circulating lipid levels, a process that may involve Por and Car, and results in a potential beneficial CVD preventive effect. Liver samples were obtained from 36 C57BL/6J male adult mice. All mice started with a three week adaptation phase, in which they were fed a mild-high-fat diet. 12 mice were sacrificed immediately after the adaptation phase (t=0). The other 24 mice received the mild-high-fat diet without (HF) or with supplementation of 0.33% (w/w) quercetin (HF-Q) for 12 weeks.

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Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation Lowers Serum FSH in Normal Weight But Not Obese Women.

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Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation Lowers Serum FSH in Normal Weight But Not Obese Women.

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