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The Microbial Opsin Homolog Sop1 is involved in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Development and Environmental Stress Response.

ABSTRACT: Microbial opsins play a crucial role in responses to various environmental signals. Here, we report that the microbial opsin homolog gene sop1 from the necrotrophic phytopathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was dramatically up-regulated during infection and sclerotial development compared with the vegetative growth stage. Further, study showed that sop1 was essential for growth, sclerotial development and full virulence of S. sclerotiorum. Sop1-silenced transformants were more sensitive to high salt stress, fungicides and high osmotic stress. However, they were more tolerant to oxidative stress compared with the wild-type strain, suggesting that sop1 is involved in different stress responses and fungicide resistance, which plays a role in the environmental adaptability of S. sclerotiorum. Furthermore, a Delta blast search showed that microbial opsins are absent from the genomes of animals and most higher plants, indicating that sop1 is a potential drug target for disease control of S. sclerotiorum.

SUBMITTER: Lyu X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4703900 | biostudies-literature | 2015

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The Microbial Opsin Homolog Sop1 is involved in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Development and Environmental Stress Response.

Lyu Xueliang X Shen Cuicui C Fu Yanping Y Xie Jiatao J Jiang Daohong D Li Guoqing G Cheng Jiasen J

Frontiers in microbiology 20160107

Microbial opsins play a crucial role in responses to various environmental signals. Here, we report that the microbial opsin homolog gene sop1 from the necrotrophic phytopathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was dramatically up-regulated during infection and sclerotial development compared with the vegetative growth stage. Further, study showed that sop1 was essential for growth, sclerotial development and full virulence of S. sclerotiorum. Sop1-silenced transformants were more sensitive to ...[more]

PMID: 26779159

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Project description:Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a plant-pathogenic ascomycete fungus and infects over 400 host plants, including pea (Pisum sativum L.). The fungus causes white mold on pea, and substantial yield loss is attributed to the disease. To improve white mold management, further understanding of S. sclerotiorum pathogenicity is crucial. In this study, 389 transcription factors (TFs) were mined from the complete genome sequence of S. sclerotiorum and their in planta expression patterns were determined in susceptible and partially resistant pea lines and compared to in vitro expression patterns on culture medium. One of the transcription factors was significantly induced in planta at 24 and 48 h postinfection compared to the expression in vitro This putative C6 transcription factor of S. sclerotiorum (SsC6TF1) was knocked down using a gene-silencing approach to investigate its functions in vegetative growth and sclerotial development as well as its virulence and pathogenicity in pea. While the SsC6TF1 knockdown mutants had hyphal growth rates identical to those of the wild-type strain and were capable of infection, the knockdown mutants produced no sclerotia or significantly fewer and smaller sclerotia on the culture medium and exhibited reduced virulence on both pea lines. This study profiled genome-wide expression for S. sclerotiorum transcription factors in planta and in vitro and functionally characterized a novel transcription factor, SsC6TF1, which positively regulates sclerotial development and virulence on pea. The finding provides molecular insights into S. sclerotiorum biology and interaction with pea and other economically important crops.IMPORTANCE White mold, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a destructive disease on important legume species such as soybean, dry bean, and pea. This study investigated expression levels of transcription factors in S. sclerotiorumin planta (pea lines) and in vitro (culture medium). One transcription factor displaying high expression in planta was found to be involved in sclerotial development and virulence on pea. This report provides a new understanding regarding transcription factors of S. sclerotiorum in development and virulence.

Project description:Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping often yields associations with dissimilar loci/genes as a consequence of diverse factors. One trait for which very limited agreement between mapping studies has been observed is resistance to white mold in soybean. To explore whether different approaches applied to a single data set could lead to more consistent results, haplotype-trait association and epistasis interaction effects were explored as a complement to a more conventional marker-trait analysis. At least 10 genomic regions were significantly associated with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum resistance in soybean, which have not been previously reported. At a significance level of α = 0.05, haplotype-trait association showed that the most prominent signal originated from a haplotype with 4-SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) on chromosome 17, and single SNP-trait analysis located a nucleotide polymorphism at position rs34387780 on chromosome 3. All of the peak-SNPs (p-value < 0.05) of each chromosome also appeared in their respective haplotypes. Samples with extreme phenotypes were singled-out for association studies, 25-30% from each end of the phenotypic spectrum appeared in the present investigation to be the most appropriate sample size. Some key genes were identified by epistasis interaction analysis. By combining information on the nearest positional genes indicated that most loci have not been previously reported. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses suggest potential candidate genes underlying callose deposition in the cell wall and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway-plant, as well as plant-pathogen interaction pathway, were activated. Integration of multi-method genome-wide association study (GWAS) revealed novel genomic regions and promising candidate genes in novel regions, which include Glyma.01g048500, Glyma.03g129100, Glyma.17g072200, and the Dishevelled (Dvl) family of proteins on chromosomes 1, 3, 17, and 20, respectively.

Dataset Information

The Microbial Opsin Homolog Sop1 is involved in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Development and Environmental Stress Response.

Publications

The Microbial Opsin Homolog Sop1 is involved in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Development and Environmental Stress Response.

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