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A phylogenetic assessment of the polyphyletic nature and intraspecific color polymorphism in the Bactrocera dorsalis complex (Diptera, Tephritidae).

ABSTRACT: The Bactrocera dorsalis complex (Tephritidae) comprises 85 species of fruit flies, including five highly destructive polyphagous fruit pests. Despite significant work on a few key pest species within the complex, little has been published on the majority of non-economic species in the complex, other than basic descriptions and illustrations of single specimens regarded as typical representatives. To elucidate the species relationships within the Bactrocera dorsalis complex, we used 159 sequences from one mitochondrial (COI) and two nuclear (elongation factor-1? and period) genes to construct a phylogeny containing 20 described species from within the complex, four additional species that may be new to science, and 26 other species from Bactrocera and its sister genus Dacus. The resulting concatenated phylogeny revealed that most of the species placed in the complex appear to be unrelated, emerging across numerous clades. This suggests that they were placed in the Bactrocera dorsalis complex based on the similarity of convergent characters, which does not appear to be diagnostic. Variations in scutum and abdomen color patterns within each of the non-economic species are presented and demonstrate that distantly-related, cryptic species overlap greatly in traditional morphological color patterns used to separate them in keys. Some of these species may not be distinguishable with confidence by means other than DNA data.

SUBMITTER: Leblanc L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4714077 | biostudies-literature | 2015

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A phylogenetic assessment of the polyphyletic nature and intraspecific color polymorphism in the Bactrocera dorsalis complex (Diptera, Tephritidae).

Leblanc Luc L San Jose Michael M Barr Norman N Rubinoff Daniel D

ZooKeys 20151126 540

The Bactrocera dorsalis complex (Tephritidae) comprises 85 species of fruit flies, including five highly destructive polyphagous fruit pests. Despite significant work on a few key pest species within the complex, little has been published on the majority of non-economic species in the complex, other than basic descriptions and illustrations of single specimens regarded as typical representatives. To elucidate the species relationships within the Bactrocera dorsalis complex, we used 159 sequences ...[more]

PMID: 26798267

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Project description:Mating compatibility among recently colonized (wildish) populations of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) from different geographic origins in Thailand was assessed through inter-regional mating tests. Outdoor octagonal nylon screen field cages containing single potted mango trees (Mangifera indica L.) were used. Sexual compatibility was determined using the index of sexual isolation (ISI), the male relative performance index (MRPI), and the female relative performance index (FRPI). The ISI values indicated that the northern population of Bactrocera dorsalis from Chiang Mai province was sexually compatible with the southern population of Bactrocera dorsalis (previously Bactrocera papayae) from Nakhon Si Thammarat province. The MRPI values showed that the northern males had a slightly higher tendency to mate than southern males, while the FRPI data reflected that females of both origins participated equally in matings. In all combinations there were no differences between homotypic and heterotypic couples in mating latency. Southern males tended to mate first with southern females, followed by northern males mating with northern females, while the latest matings involved heterotypic couples, in particular northern males mating with southern females. Overall, more couples were collected from higher parts of the field cage and the upper tree canopy, while there were no differences between the origins of flies in terms of elevation of couples within the cage. Laboratory assessments of fecundity showed no differences in the average number of eggs resulting from inter-regional crosses. Development of immature stages was also equal in the two hybrid crosses, with no differences found in the number of pupae produced, percentage pupal recovery, and percent adult emergence. The practical implication of this study is that colony of Bactrocera dorsalis derived from any northern or southern region of Thailand can potentially be used in sterile insect technique programs against this pest.

Project description:BACKGROUND:The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) has been considered to be one of the most important agricultural pest around the world. As a holometabolous insect, larvae must go through a metamorphosis process with dramatic morphological and structural changes to complete their development. To better understand the molecular mechanisms of these changes, RNA-seq of B. dorsalis from wandering stage (WS), late wandering stage (LWS) and white puparium stage (WPS) were performed. RESULTS:In total, 11,721 transcripts were obtained, out of which 1914 genes (578 up-regulated and 1336 down-regulated) and 2047 genes (655 up-regulated and 1392 down-regulated) were found to be differentially expressed between WS and LWS, as well as between WS and WPS, respectively. Of these DEGs, 1862 and 1996 genes were successfully annotated in various databases. The analysis of RNA-seq data together with qRT-PCR validation indicated that during this transition, the genes in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway, and genes encoding P450s, serine protease inhibitor, and cuticular proteins were down-regulated, while the serine protease genes were up-regulated. Moreover, we found some 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) biosynthesis and signaling pathway genes had a higher expression in the WS, while the genes responsible for juvenile hormone (JH) synthesis, degradation, signaling and transporter pathways were down-regulated, suggesting these genes might be involved in the process of larval pupariation in B. dorsalis. For the chitinolytic enzymes, the genes encoding chitinases (chitinase 2, chitinase 5, chitinase 8, and chitinase 10) and chitin deacetylase might play the crucial role in the degradation of insect chitin with their expressions significantly increased during the transition. Here, we also found that chitin synthase 1A might be involved in the chitin synthesis of cuticles during the metamorphosis in B. dorsalis. CONCLUSIONS:Significant changes at transcriptional level were identified during the larval pupariation of B. dorsalis. Importantly, we also obtained a vast quantity of RNA-seq data and identified metamorphosis associated genes, which would all help us to better understand the molecular mechanism of metamorphosis process in B. dorsalis.

Project description:BACKGROUND: Tephritid fruit flies in the genus Bactrocera are of major economic significance in agriculture causing considerable loss to the fruit and vegetable industry. Currently, there is no ideal control program. Molecular means is an effective method for pest control at present, but genomic or transcriptomic data for members of this genus remains limited. To facilitate molecular research into reproduction and development mechanisms, and finally effective control on these pests, an extensive transcriptome for the oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis was produced using the Roche 454-FLX platform. RESULTS: We obtained over 350 million bases of cDNA derived from the whole body of B. dorsalis at different developmental stages. In a single run, 747,206 sequencing reads with a mean read length of 382 bp were obtained. These reads were assembled into 28,782 contigs and 169,966 singletons. The mean contig size was 750 bp and many nearly full-length transcripts were assembled. Additionally, we identified a great number of genes that are involved in reproduction and development as well as genes that represent nearly all major conserved metazoan signal transduction pathways, such as insulin signal transduction. Furthermore, transcriptome changes during development were analyzed. A total of 2,977 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected between larvae and pupae libraries, while there were 1,621 DEGs between adults and larvae, and 2,002 between adults and pupae. These DEGs were functionally annotated with KEGG pathway annotation and 9 genes were validated by qRT-PCR. CONCLUSION: Our data represent the extensive sequence resources available for B. dorsalis and provide for the first time access to the genetic architecture of reproduction and development as well as major signal transduction pathways in the Tephritid fruit fly pests, allowing us to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying courtship, ovipositing, development and detailed analyses of the signal transduction pathways.

Dataset Information

A phylogenetic assessment of the polyphyletic nature and intraspecific color polymorphism in the Bactrocera dorsalis complex (Diptera, Tephritidae).

Publications

A phylogenetic assessment of the polyphyletic nature and intraspecific color polymorphism in the Bactrocera dorsalis complex (Diptera, Tephritidae).

Similar Datasets

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