Dataset Information

Structural Diversity of a Novel LTR Retrotransposon, RTPOSON, in the Genus Oryza.

ABSTRACT: Retrotransposons with long terminal repeats (LTRs) are the most abundant transposable elements in plant genomes. A novel LTR retrotransposon named RTPOSON primarily occurs in the genus Oryza and in several species of the Poaceae family. RTPOSON has been identified in the Ty1-copia group of retrotransposons because two of its open reading frames encode an uncharacterized protein and UBN2_2 and zinc knuckle, respectively. More than 700 RTPOSONs were identified in Oryza genomes; 127 RTPOSONs with LTRs and gag-pol elements were classified into three subgroups. The subgroup RTPOSON_sub3 had the smallest DNA size and 97% (32/33) of RTPOSON elements from Oryza punctata are classified in this group. The insertion time of these RTPOSONs varied and their proliferation occurred within the last 8 Mya, with two bursting periods within the last 1.5-5.0 Mya. A total of 37 different orthologous insertions of RTPOSONs, with different nested transposable elements and gene fragments, were identified by comparing the genomes of ssp. japonica cv. Nipponbare and ssp. indica cv. 93-11. A part of intact RTPOSON elements was evolved independently after the divergence of indica and japonica. In addition, intact RTPOSONs and homologous fragments were preferentially retained or integrated in genic regions. This novel LTR retrotransposon, RTPOSON, might have an impact on genome evolution, genic innovation, and genetic variation.

SUBMITTER: Hsu YC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4718150 | biostudies-literature | 2016

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Structural Diversity of a Novel LTR Retrotransposon, RTPOSON, in the Genus Oryza.

Hsu Yu-Chia YC Wang Chang-Sheng CS Lin Yann-Rong YR Wu Yong-Pei YP

Evolutionary bioinformatics online 20160118

Retrotransposons with long terminal repeats (LTRs) are the most abundant transposable elements in plant genomes. A novel LTR retrotransposon named RTPOSON primarily occurs in the genus Oryza and in several species of the Poaceae family. RTPOSON has been identified in the Ty1-copia group of retrotransposons because two of its open reading frames encode an uncharacterized protein and UBN2_2 and zinc knuckle, respectively. More than 700 RTPOSONs were identified in Oryza genomes; 127 RTPOSONs with L ...[more]

PMID: 26819544

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Project description:BackgroundGenome divergence by mobile elements activity and recombination is a continuous process that plays a key role in the evolution of species. Nevertheless, knowledge on retrotransposon-related variability among species belonging to the same genus is still limited. Considering the importance of the genus Helianthus, a model system for studying the ecological genetics of speciation and adaptation, we performed a comparative analysis of the repetitive genome fraction across ten species and one subspecies of sunflower, focusing on long terminal repeat retrotransposons at superfamily, lineage and sublineage levels.ResultsAfter determining the relative genome size of each species, genomic DNA was isolated and subjected to Illumina sequencing. Then, different assembling and clustering approaches allowed exploring the repetitive component of all genomes. On average, repetitive DNA in Helianthus species represented more than 75% of the genome, being composed mostly by long terminal repeat retrotransposons. Also, the prevalence of Gypsy over Copia superfamily was observed and, among lineages, Chromovirus was by far the most represented. Although nearly all the same sublineages are present in all species, we found considerable variability in the abundance of diverse retrotransposon lineages and sublineages, especially between annual and perennial species.ConclusionsThis large variability should indicate that different events of amplification or loss related to these elements occurred following species separation and should have been involved in species differentiation. Our data allowed us inferring on the extent of interspecific repetitive DNA variation related to LTR-RE abundance, investigating the relationship between changes of LTR-RE abundance and the evolution of the genus, and determining the degree of coevolution of different LTR-RE lineages or sublineages between and within species. Moreover, the data suggested that LTR-RE abundance in a species was affected by the annual or perennial habit of that species.

Project description:BackgroundPlant genomes are rich in repetitive sequences, and transposable elements (TEs) are the most accumulated of them. This mobile fraction can be distinguished as Class I (retrotransposons) and Class II (transposons). Retrotransposons that are transposed using an intermediate RNA and that accumulate in a "copy-and-paste" manner were screened in three genomes of peppers (Solanaceae). The present study aimed to understand the genome relationships among Capsicum annuum, C. chinense, and C. baccatum, based on a comparative analysis of the function, diversity and chromosome distribution of TE lineages in the Capsicum karyotypes. Due to the great commercial importance of pepper in natura, as a spice or as an ornamental plant, these genomes have been widely sequenced, and all of the assemblies are available in the SolGenomics group. These sequences were used to compare all repetitive fractions from a cytogenomic point of view.ResultsThe qualification and quantification of LTR-retrotransposons (LTR-RT) families were contrasted with molecular cytogenetic data, and the results showed a strong genome similarity between C. annuum and C. chinense as compared to C. baccatum. The Gypsy superfamily is more abundant than Copia, especially for Tekay/Del lineage members, including a high representation in C. annuum and C. chinense. On the other hand, C. baccatum accumulates more Athila/Tat sequences. The FISH results showed retrotransposons differentially scattered along chromosomes, except for CRM lineage sequences, which mainly have a proximal accumulation associated with heterochromatin bands.ConclusionsThe results confirm a close genomic relationship between C. annuum and C. chinense in comparison to C. baccatum. Centromeric GC-rich bands may be associated with the accumulation regions of CRM elements, whereas terminal and subterminal AT- and GC-rich bands do not correspond to the accumulation of the retrotransposons in the three Capsicum species tested.

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Dataset Information

Structural Diversity of a Novel LTR Retrotransposon, RTPOSON, in the Genus Oryza.

Publications

Structural Diversity of a Novel LTR Retrotransposon, RTPOSON, in the Genus Oryza.

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