Dataset Information

Chronic unpredicted mild stress-induced depression alter saxagliptin pharmacokinetics and CYP450 activity in GK rats.

ABSTRACT: Background. This study was to explore the pharmacokinetics of saxagliptin (Sax) in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats complicated with depression induced by chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS). The comorbidity of diabetic patients with depression is becoming more and more epidemic. Whether depression mental disorder alters the pharmacokinetics of hypoglycemic drugs in diabetes patients is not clear. Methods. Five-week-old male GK rats were kept in the cage for 7 weeks in a specific pathogen free (SPF)-grade lab until the emergence of diabetes and were then divided into two groups: control group and depression model group. Rats in the CUMS-induced depression group were exposed to a series of stressors for 8 weeks. Plasma serotonin and dopamine levels and behavior of open-field test were used to confirm the establishment of the depression model. All rats were given 0.5 mg/kg Sax orally after 8 weeks and blood samples were collected at different time points. The Sax concentration was assayed by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The CYP450 activity of the liver microsomes was determined by using cocktails of probe drugs in which the activities of CYP enzymes were assessed through the determination of the production of the probe drugs. Results. Statistically significant differences in Sax pharmacokinetics were observed for area under curve, clearance, peak concentration, peak time and mean residence time between the depression rats and the control rats, while no statistical differences were observed for half-time and distribution volume by HPLC-MS/MS analysis. The CYP450 activity had different changes in the depression group. Conclusions. These results indicated that CUMS-induced depression alters the drug metabolic process of Sax and CYP450 activity of the liver microsomal enzymes in GK rats.

SUBMITTER: Xia Z

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4727972 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Similar Datasets

Project description:BackgroundClopidogrel is widely used to prevent and treat cardiovascular atherosclerosis and thrombosis. However, disturbance in the expression and activity of liver cytochrome metabolic enzymes significantly changes clopidogrel efficacy. Therefore, the effect of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression on the expression of liver cytochrome metabolic enzymes and clopidogrel pharmacokinetics in rats were explored.MethodsNine different CUMSs were selected to establish a rat model of depression. Open field experiment and sucrose preference test were applied to explore the depressive behaviors. The concentration of serotonin in the cortex of depressed rats was determined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All rats were given 10 mg/kg clopidogrel orally after 12 weeks, and blood samples were collected at different time points. The clopidogrel concentration and CYP2C19/ CYP2C9 activity in rat liver microsomes were assayed by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The rat liver drug enzymes expression was determined by Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (RT-qPCR).ResultsOpen field experiment and sucrose preference test indicated the successful construction of the CUMS-induced depression model. The concentration of serotonin in the cortex of depressed rats decreased by 42.56% (∗∗ p < 0.01). The area under the curve of clopidogrel pharmacokinetics decreased by 33.13% (∗ p < 0.05) in the depression rats, while distribution volume and clearance increased significantly (∗∗ p < 0.01). The half-time and distribution volume did not significantly differ. The CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 activity of liver microsomes in the CUMS-induced depression group were significantly higher than that in the control group (∗∗ p < 0.01). CYP2C11 and CYP1A2 mRNA expression up-regulated approximately 1.3 - fold in the depressed rat livers compared with that in the control, whereas that of CYP2C13 was down-regulated by 27.43% (∗∗ p < 0.01). CYP3A1 and CYP2C12 expression were slightly up-regulated, and that of CES1 did not change.ConclusionsThese results indicated that CUMS-induced depression altered clopidogrel pharmacokinetics, and the change in CYP450 activity and expression in depressed rat livers might contribute to the disturbance of clopidogrel pharmacokinetics.

Project description:BackgroundThe use of medicinal plant ingredients is one of the goals of developing potential drugs for treating depression. Compelling evidence suggests that anti-inflammatory medicines may block the occurrence of depression. We studied the effect of a natural compound, emodin, on the development of psychosocial stress-induced depression and the underlying mechanisms.MethodsChronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS) for 7 weeks was performed to replicate psychosocial stress in rats. The sucrose preference test, force swimming test, and open field test were used to evaluate their behaviors. The differentially expressed proteins in the hippocampus were analyzed using proteomics. Nissl staining and Golgi staining were used to detect the loss of neurons and synapses, immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the activation of microglia, and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were also performed.ResultsHippocampal inflammation with up-regulated 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) was observed in the depressed rats after CUMS exposure. The upregulation of 5-LO was caused by decreased miR-139-5p. To observe the effect of emodin, we screened out depression-susceptible (DeS) rats during CUMS and treated them with emodin (80 mg/kg/day). Two weeks later, emodin prevented the depression behaviors in DeS rats along with a series of pathological changes in their hippocampi, such as loss of neurons and spines, microglial activation, increased interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, and the activation of 5-LO. Furthermore, we demonstrated that emodin inhibited its excess inflammatory response, possibly by targeting miR-139-5p/5-LO and modulating glycogen synthase kinase 3β and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2.ConclusionThese results provide important evidence that emodin may be a candidate agent for the treatment of depression and established a key role of miR-139-5p/5-LO in the inflammation of depression.

Project description:BackgroundChronic long-term stress is associated with a range of disorders, including depression and a variety of other chronic illnesses. It is well known that maternal exposure to psychosocial stress during pregnancy significantly increases the likelihood of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The gut microbiota has been a popular topic, it is a key mediator of the gut-brain axis and plays an important role in human health; changes in the gut microbiota have been related to chronic stress-induced health impairment, however, the relationship between maternal negative emotions and abnormal gut microbiota and its metabolites during maternal exposure to chronic stress during pregnancy remains unclear.MethodsPregnant rats were subjected to chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS) to establish the rat model of chronic stress during pregnancy. The behavioral changes were recorded using sucrose preference test (SPT) and open-field test (OFT), plasma corticosterone levels were determined by radioimmunoassay, and a comprehensive method combining 16S rRNA gene sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics was used to study the effects of stress during pregnancy on the function of intestinal microbiota and its metabolites.ResultsChronic stress during pregnancy not only increased maternal plasma corticosterone (P < 0.05), but also caused maternal depression-like behaviors (P < 0.05). Chronic stress during pregnancy changed the species composition at the family level of maternal gut microbiota, the species abundance of Ruminococcaceae in the stress group (23.45%) was lower than the control group (32.67%) and the species abundance of Prevotellaceae in the stress group (10.45%) was higher than the control group (0.03%) (P < 0.05). Vertical locomotion and 1% sucrose preference percentage in pregnant rats were negatively correlated with Prevotellaceae (r = - 0.90, P < 0.05). Principal component analysis with partial least squares discriminant analysis showed that the integration points of metabolic components in the stress and control groups were completely separated, indicating that there were significant differences in the metabolic patterns of the two groups, and there were seven endogenous metabolites that differed (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe negative emotional behaviors that occur in pregnant rats as a result of prenatal chronic stress may be associated with alterations in the gut microbiota and its metabolites. These findings provide a basis for future targeted metabolomics and gut flora studies on the effects of chronic stress during pregnancy on gut flora.

Dataset Information

Chronic unpredicted mild stress-induced depression alter saxagliptin pharmacokinetics and CYP450 activity in GK rats.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets