Clothianidin in agricultural soils and uptake into corn pollen and canola nectar after multiyear seed treatment applications.

ABSTRACT: Limited data are available on the fate of clothianidin under realistic agricultural production conditions. The present study is the first large-scale assessment of clothianidin residues in soil and bee-relevant matrices from corn and canola fields after multiple years of seed-treatment use. The average soil concentration from 50 Midwest US corn fields with 2 yr to 11 yr of planting clothianidin-treated seeds was 7.0 ng/g, similar to predicted concentrations from a single planting of Poncho 250-treated corn seeds (6.3 ng/g). The water-extractable (i.e., plant-bioavailable) clothianidin residues in soil were only 10% of total residues. Clothianidin concentrations in soil reached a plateau concentration (amount applied equals amount dissipated) in fields with 4 or more application years. Conc

SUBMITTER: Xu T 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4736462 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature