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Burst muscle performance predicts the speed, acceleration, and turning performance of Anna's hummingbirds.

ABSTRACT: Despite recent advances in the study of animal flight, the biomechanical determinants of maneuverability are poorly understood. It is thought that maneuverability may be influenced by intrinsic body mass and wing morphology, and by physiological muscle capacity, but this hypothesis has not yet been evaluated because it requires tracking a large number of free flight maneuvers from known individuals. We used an automated tracking system to record flight sequences from 20 Anna's hummingbirds flying solo and in competition in a large chamber. We found that burst muscle capacity predicted most performance metrics. Hummingbirds with higher burst capacity flew with faster velocities, accelerations, and rotations, and they used more demanding complex turns. In contrast, body mass did not predict variation in maneuvering performance, and wing morphology predicted only the use of arcing turns and high centripetal accelerations. Collectively, our results indicate that burst muscle capacity is a key predictor of maneuverability.

SUBMITTER: Segre PS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4737652 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Burst muscle performance predicts the speed, acceleration, and turning performance of Anna's hummingbirds.

Segre Paolo S PS Dakin Roslyn R Zordan Victor B VB Dickinson Michael H MH Straw Andrew D AD Altshuler Douglas L DL

eLife 20151119

Despite recent advances in the study of animal flight, the biomechanical determinants of maneuverability are poorly understood. It is thought that maneuverability may be influenced by intrinsic body mass and wing morphology, and by physiological muscle capacity, but this hypothesis has not yet been evaluated because it requires tracking a large number of free flight maneuvers from known individuals. We used an automated tracking system to record flight sequences from 20 Anna's hummingbirds flyin ...[more]

PMID: 26583753

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Project description:Objectives The purpose of this study is to determine the associations between horizontal jump and sprint acceleration, as well as maximal speed performance. Methods A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, MEDLINE (EBSCOhost), and Web of Science. The studies that were included in this review must meet the following criteria: (1) well-trained individuals over the age of 18 years old; (2) Pearson’s correlation coefficients between sprint time and horizontal jump distance were provided; (3) the sprint distance was limited to 0–100 m. The quality of the studies was assessed using a modified version of the Downs and Black Quality Index test. A random-effects model was used to determine the effect sizes, and heterogeneity between studies was examined using the Q statistic and I2. Results From the identified 2,815 studies, 27 studies were included in this study (two from reference lists). The sprint time of the sprint acceleration phase was moderately and negatively correlated with the standing long jump (r = − 0.45, z = 7.48, p < 0.001), single leg standing long jump (r = − 0.48, z = 3.49, p < 0.001) and horizontal drop jump distance (r = − 0.48, z = 3.49, p < 0.001), and was largely and negatively correlated with multiple jump distance (r = − 0.69, z = 6.02, p < 0.001). Out of five studies assessed the standing triple jump, three studies reported significant positive association with the sprint acceleration performance. The sprint time of maximal speed phase was very largely and negatively associated with standing long jump distance (r = − 0.73, z = 4.44, p < 0.001) and multiple jump distance (r = − 0.76, z = 6.86, p < 0.001). Conclusions This review indicates the moderate to very large associations between horizontal jump and sprint acceleration and maximal speed performance, and the highest magnitude of associations between them is found in the multiple jump. Moreover, compared to the sprint acceleration performance, there are greater associations between maximal speed performance and standing long jump and multiple jump distance.

Dataset Information

Burst muscle performance predicts the speed, acceleration, and turning performance of Anna's hummingbirds.

Publications

Burst muscle performance predicts the speed, acceleration, and turning performance of Anna's hummingbirds.

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