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A microbial transformation using Bacillus subtilis B7-S to produce natural vanillin from ferulic acid.

ABSTRACT: Bacillus subtilis strain B7-S screened from18 strains is an aerobic, endospore-forming, model organism of Gram-positive bacteria which is capable to form vanillin during ferulic acid bioconversion. The bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin by Bacillus subtilis B7-S (B. subtilis B7-S) was investigated. Based on our results, the optimum bioconversion conditions for the production of vanillin by B. subtilis B7-S can be summarized as follows: temperature 35?°C; initial pH 9.0; inoculum volume 5%; ferulic acid concentration 0.6?g/L; volume of culture medium 20%; and shaking speed 200?r/min. Under these conditions, several repeated small-scale batch experiments showed that the maximum conversion efficiency was 63.30% after 3?h of bioconversion. The vanillin products were confirmed by spectral data achieved from UV-vis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscope (ICP-AES) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) spectra. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM) results confirmed that the cell surface of B. subtilis plays a role in the induction of ferulic acid tolerance. These results demonstrate that B. subtilis B7-S has the potential for use in vanillin production through bioconversion of ferulic acid.

SUBMITTER: Chen P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4740768 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A microbial transformation using Bacillus subtilis B7-S to produce natural vanillin from ferulic acid.

Chen Peng P Yan Lei L Wu Zhengrong Z Li Suyue S Bai Zhongtian Z Yan Xiaojuan X Wang Ningbo N Liang Ning N Li Hongyu H

Scientific reports 20160204

Bacillus subtilis strain B7-S screened from18 strains is an aerobic, endospore-forming, model organism of Gram-positive bacteria which is capable to form vanillin during ferulic acid bioconversion. The bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin by Bacillus subtilis B7-S (B. subtilis B7-S) was investigated. Based on our results, the optimum bioconversion conditions for the production of vanillin by B. subtilis B7-S can be summarized as follows: temperature 35 °C; initial pH 9.0; inoculum volume 5% ...[more]

PMID: 26841717

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Project description:Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a driving force for bacterial evolution that occurs via conjugation, transduction, and transformation. Whereas conjugation and transduction depend on nonbacterial vehicles, transformation is considered a naturally occurring process in which naked DNA molecules are taken up by a competent recipient cell. Here, we report that HGT occurred between two Bacillus subtilis strains cocultured on a minimum medium agar plate for 10 h. This process was almost completely resistant to DNase treatment and appeared to require close proximity between cells. The deletion of comK in the recipient completely abolished gene transfer, indicating that the process involved transformation. This process was also highly efficient, reaching 1.75 × 106 transformants/μg DNA compared to 5.3 × 103 and 1.86 × 105 transformants/μg DNA for DNA-to-cell transformation by the same agar method and the standard two-step procedure, respectively. Interestingly, when three distantly localized chromosomal markers were selected simultaneously, the efficiency of cell-to-cell transformation still reached 6.26 × 104 transformants/μg DNA, whereas no transformants were obtained when free DNA was used as the donor. Stresses, such as starvation and exposure to antibiotics, further enhanced transformation efficiency by affecting the donor cells, suggesting that stress served as an important signal for promoting this type of HGT. Taken together, our results defined a bona fide process of cell-to-cell natural transformation (CTCNT) in B. subtilis and related species. This finding reveals the previously unrecognized role of donor cells in bacterial natural transformation and improves our understanding of how HGT drives bacterial evolution at a mechanistic level.IMPORTANCE Because DNA is easily prepared, studies of bacterial natural genetic transformation traditionally focus on recipient cells. However, such laboratory artifacts cannot explain how this process occurs in nature. In most cases, competence is only transient and involves approximately 20 to 50 genes, and it is unreasonable for bacteria to spend so many genetic resources on unpredictable and uncertain environmental DNA. Here, we characterized a donor cell-dependent CTCNT process in B. subtilis and related species that was almost completely resistant to DNase treatment and was more efficient than classical natural transformation using naked DNA as a donor, i.e., DNA-to-cell transformation, suggesting that DNA donor cells were also important in the transformation process in natural environments.

Dataset Information

A microbial transformation using Bacillus subtilis B7-S to produce natural vanillin from ferulic acid.

Publications

A microbial transformation using Bacillus subtilis B7-S to produce natural vanillin from ferulic acid.

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