Wnt2 complements Wnt/β-catenin signaling in colorectal cancer.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Jung YS
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4741928 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common carcinomas. Although great progress has been made in recent years, CRC survival remains unsatisfactory due to high metastasis and recurrence. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of CRC tumorigenesis and metastasis has become increasingly important. Recently, aberrant Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been reported to be strongly associated with CRC tumorigenesis, metastasis and recurrence. Therefore, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway has potential value as a therapeutic target for CRC. In the present review, the dysregulation of this pathway in CRC and the promoting or suppressing function of therapeutic targets on CRC were explored. In addition, the interaction between this pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell stemness, mutations, metastasis-related genes and tumor angiogenesis in CRC cells were also investigated. Numerous studies on this pathway may help identify the potential diagnostic and prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for CRC.
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Project description:BackgroundWnt2 is overexpressed and able to promote tumorigenesis in many types of cancer. However, its expression and role in lung cancer has not been well clarified yet. In this study, we aims to investigate the expression pattern, clinical significance and the underlying molecular mechanism of Wnt2 in non-small lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsImmunohistochemical staining and ELISA assays were applied to detect Wnt2 level in tumor tissue and serum. EDU incorporation assays and colony formation assays were used to evaluate the growth-promoting effect of Wnt2 in vitro. Then we performed western blot and immunofluorescence assays to detect the activation of WNT signaling pathway. Finally mice engrafted with NSCLC tumor cells were used to assess the role of Wnt2 in vivo.ResultsImmunohistochemical staining consisting of 264 NSCLC tumor tissues showed that a high level of Wnt2 was associated with a poor overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) of NSCLC patients (P = 0.002 and 0.0005, respectively). Multivariate analysis presented that Wnt2 level in tumor tissue was an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.049 for OS and P = 0.002 for RFS, respectively). Furthermore, ELISA assays for 181 individuals (116 NSCLC and 65 controls) revealed that serum Wnt2 levels in adenocarcinoma was significantly higher than that in healthy volunteers (P < 0.0001). In vitro H460 cell line stably overexpressing Wnt2 showed enhanced growth activity than the control cells whereas knockdown of Wnt2 by siRNA in H1299 cells resulted in decreased growth activity. Additionally, Wnt2 level in tumor tissues was significantly associated with Ki-67 level (rs: 0.316; P < 0.0001). Immunofluorescence and Western blot assays detected the translocation of β-catenin from cytoplasm into nucleus, which indicated that Wnt2 probably promotes proliferation by activating WNT/β-catenin pathway. In vivo H460 cells expressing exogenous Wnt2 showed increased growth-promoting effect in Balb/c nude mice than control cells.ConclusionsThe present study for the first time suggested that Wnt2 was both a prognostic and a diagnostic biomarker for NSCLC. Tumor-derived Wnt2 can promote growth activity of NSCLC cells through activating WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway.
| S-EPMC4449433 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The deregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is a central event in colorectal cancer progression, thus a promising target for drug development. Many natural compounds, such as flavonoids, have been described as Wnt/β-catenin inhibitors and consequently modulate important biological processes like inflammation, redox balance, cancer promotion and progress, as well as cancer cell death. In this context, we identified the chalcone lonchocarpin isolated from Lonchocarpus sericeus as a Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitor, both in vitro and in vivo. Lonchocarpin impairs β-catenin nuclear localization and also inhibits the constitutively active form of TCF4, dnTCF4-VP16. Xenopus laevis embryology assays suggest that lonchocarpin acts at the transcriptional level. Additionally, we described lonchocarpin inhibitory effects on cell migration and cell proliferation on HCT116, SW480, and DLD-1 colorectal cancer cell lines, without any detectable effects on the non-tumoral intestinal cell line IEC-6. Moreover, lonchocarpin reduces tumor proliferation on the colorectal cancer AOM/DSS mice model. Taken together, our results support lonchocarpin as a novel Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor compound that impairs colorectal cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo.
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Project description:The naturally occurring isothiocyanate sulforaphane (SFN) from cruciferous vegetables is associated with growth inhibition of various cancer types, including colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer is most frequently driven by hyperactive Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Here, we show that SFN treatment reduced growth of three unrelated colorectal cancer cell lines (SW480, DLD1 and HCT116) via induction of cell death and inhibition of proliferation. Importantly, SFN inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling in colorectal cancer cells as shown by inhibition of β-catenin-dependent luciferase reporters and repression of β-catenin target genes (AXIN2, LGR5). SFN inhibits Wnt signaling downstream of β-catenin degradation and induces the formation of nuclear β-catenin structures associated with closed chromatin. Co-expression of the transcription factors LEF1 or TCF4 prevented formation of these structures and rescued inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by SFN. Our findings provide a molecular basis explaining SFN effects in colorectal cancer cells and underline its potential for prevention and therapy of colorectal cancer.
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Project description:BackgroundChloride channel accessory 1 (CLCA1) belongs to the calcium-sensitive chloride conductance protein family, which is mainly expressed in the colon, small intestine and appendix. This study was conducted to investigate the functions and mechanisms of CLCA1 in colorectal cancer (CRC).MethodsThe CLCA1 protein expression level in CRC patients was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and western blotting analysis. Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, CLCA1-upregulated (CLCA1-ACT) and CLCA1-knockout cells (CLCA1-KO), as well as their respective negative controls (CLCA1-ACT-NC and CLCA1-KO-NC), were constructed from the SW620 cell line. Cell growth and metastatic ability were assessed both in vitro and in vivo. The association of CLCA1 with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and other signaling pathways was determined by western blotting assays.ResultsThe expression level of CLCA1 in CRC tissues was significantly decreased compared with that in adjacent normal tissue (P< 0.05). Meanwhile, the serum concentration of CLCA1 in CRC patients was also significantly lower when compared with that of healthy controls (1.48?±?1.06 ng/mL vs 1.06?±?0.73 ng/mL, P?=?0.0018). In addition, CLCA1 serum concentration and mRNA expression level in CRC tissues were inversely correlated with CRC metastasis and tumor stage. Upregulated CLCA1 suppressed CRC growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo, whereas inhibition of CLCA1 led to the opposite results. Increased expression levels of CLCA1 could repress Wnt signaling and the EMT process in CRC cells.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that increased expression levels of CLCA1 can suppress CRC aggressiveness. CLCA1 functions as a tumor suppressor possibly via inhibition of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway and the EMT process.
| S-EPMC5627483 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundJumonji AT-rich interactive domain 1B(JARID1B) has been shown to be upregulated in many human cancers and plays a critical role in the development of cancers cells. Nevertheless, its functional role in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression is not fully understood.MethodsHerein, JARID1B expression levels were detected in clinical CRC samples by western blotting and qRT-PCR. DLD-1 cells with JARID1B knockdown or overexpression by stably transfected plasmids were used in vitro and in vivo study. Colony formation, 5-ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine (EdU) and Real Time Cellular Analysis (RTCA) assays were used to detect cell proliferation and growth. Transcriptome and CHIP assays were used to examine the molecular biology changes and molecular interaction in these cells. Nude mice was utilized to study the correlation of JARID1B and tumor growth in vivo.ResultsHere, we first observed that JARID1B was significantly upregulated in CRC tissue compared to adjacent normal tissues. In CRC patients, JARID1B high expression was positively relation with poor overall survival. Multivariate analyses revealed that high JARID1B expression was an independent predictive marker for the poor prognosis of CRC. In addition, we found that JARID1B promoted CRC cells proliferation by Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Further studies demonstrated CDX2 as a downstream target of JARID1B, and our data demonstrated that CDX2 is crucial for JARID1B -mediated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that JARID1B regulated CDX2 expression through demethylation of H3K4me3.ConclusionsCDX2 inhibited by JARID1B-derived H3K4me3 methylation promoted cells proliferation of CRC via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Therefore, our studies provided a novel insight into the role of JARID1B in CRC cells proliferation and potential new molecular target for treating CRC. Video abstract.
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Project description:Aberrant activation of Wnt/β‑catenin signaling is observed in >90% of colorectal cancer cases. microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate the expression of key genes in Wnt/β‑catenin signaling. As a result, abnormal expression of miRNAs regulates the activation of Wnt/β‑catenin signaling in several types of cancer. In the current study, it was demonstrated that miR‑501‑3p was overexpressed in colorectal tumor tissues compared to the adjacent normal tissues. Downregulation of miR‑501‑3p inhibited cell proliferation and sphere formation, while it induced cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase in colorectal cancer cells. Bioinformatics analysis results predicted that adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), a negative regulator of Wnt/β‑catenin signaling, was a potential target gene of miR‑501‑3p. Inhibition of miR‑501‑3p increased APC expression in colorectal cancer cells. Additionally, β‑catenin was destabilized following miR‑501‑3p inhibition; immunofluorescence analysis revealed that β‑catenin translocated from nucleus to cytoplasm. In addition, cyclin D1 and c‑Myc, two well‑characterized target genes of Wnt/β‑catenin signaling, were downregulated following miR‑501‑3p inhibition. Transfection of APC small interfering RNA re‑activated β‑catenin and stimulated the expression of cyclin D1 and c‑Myc. Furthermore, silencing of APC reversed the miR‑501‑3p inhibitor‑induced cell cycle disruption, and the inhibition of cell proliferation and sphere formation in colorectal cancer cells. In conclusion, the present study identified miR‑501‑3p as a novel regulator of Wnt/β‑catenin signaling in colorectal cancer cells via targeting APC, suggesting that miR‑501‑3p may act as a novel oncogenic miRNA in colorectal cancer.
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Project description:Farnesoid X receptor (FXR, encoded by NR1H4), a critical regulator of bile acid homeostasis, is widely implicated in human tumorigenesis. However, the functional role of FXR in colorectal cancer (CRC) and the precise molecular mechanism remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that FXR expression was downregulated in colon cancer tissues and decreased expression of FXR predicted a poor prognosis. Knockdown of FXR promoted colon cancer cell growth and invasion in vitro, and facilitated xenograft tumor formation and distant metastasis in vivo, whereas ectopic expression of FXR had the reserved change. Mechanistic studies indicated that FXR exerted its tumor suppressor functions by antagonizing Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Furthermore, we identified an FXR/β-catenin interaction in colon cancer cells. The FXR/β-catenin interaction impaired β-catenin/TCF4 complex formation. In addition, our study suggested a reciprocal relationship between FXR and β-catenin, since loss of β-catenin increased the transcriptional activation of SHP by FXR. Altogether, these data indicated that FXR functions a tumor-suppressor role in CRC by antagonizing Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Project description:To validate the suitability of two commonly used colorectal cancer cell lines, DLD1 and SW480, as model systems to study colorectal carcinogenesis, we treated these cell lines with beta-catenin siRNA and identified beta-catenin target genes using DNA microarrays. The list of identified target genes was compared to previously published beta-catenin target genes found in the PubMed and the GEO databases. Based on the large number of beta-catenin target genes found to be similarly regulated in DLD1, SW480 and LS174T as well as the large overlap with confirmed β-catenin target genes, we conclude that DLD1 and SW480 colon carcinoma cell lines are suitable model systems to study beta-catenin regulated genes and signaling pathways 12 arrays (2 cell lines, 2 treatments, 3 biological replicates)
2013-12-31 | E-GEOD-44097 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Cancer stemness drives tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, recurrence, and therapy resistance. However, mechanisms that potentiate the acquisition and maintenance of stemness fate of cancer cells remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that miR-103/107 stimulate multiple stem-like features in colorectal cancer, including expression of stem-like markers, appearance of side-population cells, and capabilities in self-renewal, tumor initiation, recurrence, and chemoresistance. Mechanistically, these stemness-promoting functions are mediated by miR-103/107-dependent repression of Axin2, a negative feedback regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Through inhibiting Axin2, miR-103/107 trigger a prolonged duration of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and a sustained induction of Wnt responsive genes. In colorectal cancer patients, miR-103/107 expression correlates inversely with Axin2 expression and a signature of miR-103/107 high and Axin2 low expression profile correlates with poor prognosis. Together, our study identifies a novel function of miR-103/107 in promoting colorectal cancer stemness by targeting Axin2 and elucidates the clinical relevance and prognostic value of this axis in colorectal cancer.
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