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High Molecular Weight Barley ?-Glucan Alters Gut Microbiota Toward Reduced Cardiovascular Disease Risk.

ABSTRACT: The physiological cholesterol-lowering benefits of ?-glucan have been well documented, however, whether modulation of gut microbiota by ?-glucan is associated with these physiological effects remains unknown. The objectives of this study were therefore to determine the impact of ?-glucan on the composition of gut microbiota in mildly hypercholesterolemic individuals and to identify if the altered microbiota are associated with bioactivity of ?-glucan in improving risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Using a randomized, controlled crossover study design, individuals received for 5-week either a treatment breakfast containing 3 g high molecular weight (HMW), 3 g low molecular weight (LMW), 5 g LMW barley ?-glucan, or wheat and rice. The American Heart Association (AHA) diet served as the background diet for all treatment groups. Phases were separated by 4-week washout periods. Fecal samples were collected at the end of each intervention phase and subjected to Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Results revealed that at the phylum level, supplementation of 3 g/d HMW ?-glucan increased Bacteroidetes and decreased Firmicutes abundances compared to control (P < 0.001). At the genus level, consumption of 3 g/d HMW ?-glucan increased Bacteroides (P < 0.003), tended to increase Prevotella (P < 0.1) but decreased Dorea (P < 0.1), whereas diets containing 5 g LMW ?-glucan and 3 g LMW ?-glucan failed to alter the gut microbiota composition. Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Dorea composition correlated (P < 0.05) with shifts of CVD risk factors, including body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, as well as triglyceride levels. Our data suggest that consumption of HMW ?-glucan favorably alters the composition of gut microbiota and this altered microbiota profile associates with a reduction of CVD risk markers. Together, our study suggests that ?-glucan induced shifts in gut microbiota in a MW-dependent manner and that might be one of the underlying mechanisms responsible for the physiological benefits of ?-glucan.

SUBMITTER: Wang Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4748052 | biostudies-literature | 2016

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating gastrointestinal disease with high morbidity and mortality, affecting preterm infants especially those with very low and extremely low birth weight. β-glucan has manifested multiple biological effects including anti-inflammatory, regulation of gut microbiota, and immunomodulatory activities. This study aimed to investigate the effects of β-glucan on NEC.MethodsNeonatal C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: Control group, NEC group and β-glucan group. Newborn 3-day-old mice were gavaged with either 1 mg/ml β-glucan or phosphate buffer saline at 0.03 ml/g for 7 consecutive days before NEC induction and a NEC model was established with hypoxia combined with cold exposure and formula feeding. All the pups were killed after 72-h modeling. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to assess the pathological injury to the intestines. The mRNA expression levels of inflammatory factors in intestinal tissues were determined using quantitative real-time PCR. The protein levels of TLR4, NF-κB and tight junction proteins in intestinal tissues were evaluated using western blotting and immunohistochemistry. 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to determine the structure of the gut microbiota.Resultsβ-glucan administration ameliorated intestinal injury of NEC mice; reduced the intestinal expression of TLR4, NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α; increased the intestinal expression of IL-10; and improved the expression of ZO-1, Occludin and Claudin-1 within the intestinal barrier. Pre-treatment with β-glucan also increased the proportion of Actinobacteria, Clostridium butyricum, Lactobacillus johnsonii, Lactobacillus murinus, and Lachnospiraceae bacterium mt14 and reduced the proportion of Klebsiella oxytoca g Klebsiella in the NEC model.Conclusionβ-glucan intervention prevents against NEC in neonatal mice, possibly by suppressing the TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway, improving intestinal barrier function, and partially regulating intestinal microbiota.

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High Molecular Weight Barley ?-Glucan Alters Gut Microbiota Toward Reduced Cardiovascular Disease Risk.

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