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Genomic insights into the Ixodes scapularis tick vector of Lyme disease.

ABSTRACT: Ticks transmit more pathogens to humans and animals than any other arthropod. We describe the 2.1?Gbp nuclear genome of the tick, Ixodes scapularis (Say), which vectors pathogens that cause Lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, babesiosis and other diseases. The large genome reflects accumulation of repetitive DNA, new lineages of retro-transposons, and gene architecture patterns resembling ancient metazoans rather than pancrustaceans. Annotation of scaffolds representing ?57% of the genome, reveals 20,486 protein-coding genes and expansions of gene families associated with tick-host interactions. We report insights from genome analyses into parasitic processes unique to ticks, including host 'questing', prolonged feeding, cuticle synthesis, blood meal concentration, novel methods of haemoglobin digestion, haem detoxification, vitellogenesis and prolonged off-host survival. We identify proteins associated with the agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, an emerging disease, and the encephalitis-causing Langat virus, and a population structure correlated to life-history traits and transmission of the Lyme disease agent.

SUBMITTER: Gulia-Nuss M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4748124 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Genomic insights into the Ixodes scapularis tick vector of Lyme disease.

Gulia-Nuss Monika M   Nuss Andrew B AB   Meyer Jason M JM   Sonenshine Daniel E DE   Roe R Michael RM   Waterhouse Robert M RM   Sattelle David B DB   de la Fuente José J   Ribeiro Jose M JM   Megy Karine K   Thimmapuram Jyothi J   Miller Jason R JR   Walenz Brian P BP   Koren Sergey S   Hostetler Jessica B JB   Thiagarajan Mathangi M   Joardar Vinita S VS   Hannick Linda I LI   Bidwell Shelby S   Hammond Martin P MP   Young Sarah S   Zeng Qiandong Q   Abrudan Jenica L JL   Almeida Francisca C FC   Ayllón Nieves N   Bhide Ketaki K   Bissinger Brooke W BW   Bonzon-Kulichenko Elena E   Buckingham Steven D SD   Caffrey Daniel R DR   Caimano Melissa J MJ   Croset Vincent V   Driscoll Timothy T   Gilbert Don D   Gillespie Joseph J JJ   Giraldo-Calderón Gloria I GI   Grabowski Jeffrey M JM   Jiang David D   Khalil Sayed M S SMS   Kim Donghun D   Kocan Katherine M KM   Koči Juraj J   Kuhn Richard J RJ   Kurtti Timothy J TJ   Lees Kristin K   Lang Emma G EG   Kennedy Ryan C RC   Kwon Hyeogsun H   Perera Rushika R   Qi Yumin Y   Radolf Justin D JD   Sakamoto Joyce M JM   Sánchez-Gracia Alejandro A   Severo Maiara S MS   Silverman Neal N   Šimo Ladislav L   Tojo Marta M   Tornador Cristian C   Van Zee Janice P JP   Vázquez Jesús J   Vieira Filipe G FG   Villar Margarita M   Wespiser Adam R AR   Yang Yunlong Y   Zhu Jiwei J   Arensburger Peter P   Pietrantonio Patricia V PV   Barker Stephen C SC   Shao Renfu R   Zdobnov Evgeny M EM   Hauser Frank F   Grimmelikhuijzen Cornelis J P CJP   Park Yoonseong Y   Rozas Julio J   Benton Richard R   Pedra Joao H F JHF   Nelson David R DR   Unger Maria F MF   Tubio Jose M C JMC   Tu Zhijian Z   Robertson Hugh M HM   Shumway Martin M   Sutton Granger G   Wortman Jennifer R JR   Lawson Daniel D   Wikel Stephen K SK   Nene Vishvanath M VM   Fraser Claire M CM   Collins Frank H FH   Birren Bruce B   Nelson Karen E KE   Caler Elisabet E   Hill Catherine A CA  

Nature communications 20160209

Ticks transmit more pathogens to humans and animals than any other arthropod. We describe the 2.1 Gbp nuclear genome of the tick, Ixodes scapularis (Say), which vectors pathogens that cause Lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, babesiosis and other diseases. The large genome reflects accumulation of repetitive DNA, new lineages of retro-transposons, and gene architecture patterns resembling ancient metazoans rather than pancrustaceans. Annotation of scaffolds representing ∼57% of the ge  ...[more]

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