Dataset Information

Effects of oral orbifloxacin on fecal coliforms in healthy cats: a pilot study.

ABSTRACT: The study objective was to determine the effect of oral orbifloxacin (ORB) on antimicrobial susceptibility and composition of fecal coliforms in cats. Nine cats were randomized to two groups administered a daily oral dose of 2.5 and 5.0 mg ORB/kg for 7 days and a control group (three cats per group). Coliforms were isolated from stool samples and were tested for susceptibilities to ORB and 5 other drugs. ORB concentration in feces was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The coliforms were undetectable after 2 days of ORB administration, and their number increased in most cats after termination of the administration. Furthermore, only isolates of Escherichia coli were detected in all cats before administration, and those of Citrobacter freundii were detected after termination of the administration. E. coli isolates exhibited high ORB susceptibility [Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), ?0.125 µg/ml] or relatively low susceptibility (MIC, 1-2 µg/ml) with a single gyrA mutation. C. freundii isolates largely exhibited intermediate ORB susceptibility (MIC, 4 µg/ml), in addition to resistance to ampicillin and cefazolin, and harbored qnrB, but not a gyrA mutation. HPLC revealed that the peaks of mean concentration were 61.3 and 141.0 µg/g in groups receiving 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg, respectively. Our findings suggest that oral ORB may alter the total counts and composition of fecal coliform, but is unlikely to yield highly fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants of E. coli and C. freundii in cats, possibly because of the high drug concentration in feces.

SUBMITTER: Harada K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4751121 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effects of oral orbifloxacin on fecal coliforms in healthy cats: a pilot study.

Harada Kazuki K Sasaki Atsushi A Shimizu Takae T

The Journal of veterinary medical science 20150827 1

The study objective was to determine the effect of oral orbifloxacin (ORB) on antimicrobial susceptibility and composition of fecal coliforms in cats. Nine cats were randomized to two groups administered a daily oral dose of 2.5 and 5.0 mg ORB/kg for 7 days and a control group (three cats per group). Coliforms were isolated from stool samples and were tested for susceptibilities to ORB and 5 other drugs. ORB concentration in feces was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). ...[more]

PMID: 26311787

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Project description:Although they have historically been thought of as safe medications, proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole have been associated with an increased risk of enteric, particularly Clostridium difficile, infections in people. In cats, omeprazole is often the first choice acid suppressant prescribed for the treatment of upper gastrointestinal (GI) ulceration and bleeding. Despite this, no studies to date have explored the effect of omeprazole on the feline fecal microbiome and metabolome. Therefore, the purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the effect of prolonged omeprazole administration on the fecal microbiome and metabolome in healthy cats to identify targets for analysis in a larger subset of cats with GI disease. A within-subjects, before and after, pilot study was performed whereby six healthy adult cats received 60?days of placebo (250?mg lactose PO q 12?h) followed by 5?mg (0.83-1.6?mg/kg PO q 12?h) omeprazole. On days 0, 30, and 60 of placebo and omeprazole therapy, the fecal microbiome and metabolome were characterized utilizing 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing by Illumina and untargeted mass spectrometry-based methods, respectively. Omeprazole administration resulted in no significant changes in the global microbiome structure or richness. However, transient changes were noted in select bacterial groups with omeprazole administration resulting in an increased sequence percentage of Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Clostridium, and Faecalibacterium spp. and a decreased sequence percentage of Bifidobacterium spp. Significance was lost for all of these bacterial groups after adjustment for multiple comparisons. The fecal concentration of O-acetylserine and aminomalonate decreased with omeprazole therapy, but significance was lost after adjustment for multiple comparisons. The results of this pilot study conclude that omeprazole has a mild and transient impact on the fecal microbiome and metabolome when orally administered to healthy cats for 60?days. Based on the findings of this pilot study, evaluation of the effect of omeprazole specifically on Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Clostridium, Faecalibacterium, and Bifidobacterium spp. is warranted in cats with primary GI disease.

Project description:ObjectivesThe human oral microbiota is one of the most complex bacterial communities in the human body. However, how newborns initially acquire these bacteria remains largely unknown. In this study, we examined the dynamics of oral microbial communities in healthy infants and investigated the influence of the maternal oral microbiota on the acquisition of the infant's oral microbiota. We hypothesized that the infant oral microbial diversity increases with age.MethodsOne hundred and sixteen whole-salivary samples were collected from 32 healthy infants and their biological mothers during postpartum and 9- and 15-month well-infant visits. Bacterial genomic DNA was extracted and sequenced by Human Oral Microbe Identification using Next Generation Sequencing (HOMINGS) methods. The Shannon index was used to measure the microbial diversity of the infant-mother dyads (alpha diversity). The microbial diversity between the mother-infant dyads (beta-diversity) was calculated using the weighted non-phylogenetic Bray-Curtis distance in QIIME 1.9.1. Core microbiome analysis was performed using MicrobiomeAnalyst software. Linear discriminant analysis coupled with effect size analysis was used to identify differentially abundant features between mother and infant dyads.ResultsA total of 6,870,571 16S rRNA reads were generated from paired mother-infant saliva samples. Overall, oral microbial profiles significantly differed between the mother and infant groups (p < 0.001). The diversity of the salivary microbiomes in the infants increased in an age-dependent manner, whereas the core microbiome of the mothers remained relatively stable during the study period. Breastfeeding and gender did not affect the microbial diversity in infants. Moreover, infants had a greater relative abundance of Firmicutes and a lower abundance of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, and Proteobacteria than their mothers. The SparCC correlation analysis demonstrated constant changes in infants' oral microbial community network (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThis study provides new evidence that the oral cavities of infants are colonized by a distinct group of bacterial species at birth. The acquisition and diversity of changes in oral microbial composition are dynamic during the first year of an infant's life. Before reaching the second birthday, the composition of the oral microbial community could be more similar to that of their biological mothers.

Dataset Information

Effects of oral orbifloxacin on fecal coliforms in healthy cats: a pilot study.

Publications

Effects of oral orbifloxacin on fecal coliforms in healthy cats: a pilot study.

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