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A novel AIFM1 mutation expands the phenotype to an infantile motor neuron disease.

ABSTRACT: AIFM1 is a gene located on the X chromosome, coding for AIF (Apoptosis-Inducing Factor), a mitochondrial flavoprotein involved in caspase-independent cell death. AIFM1 mutations have been associated with different clinical phenotypes: a severe infantile encephalopathy with combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency and the Cowchock syndrome, an X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMTX4) with axonal sensorimotor neuropathy, deafness and cognitive impairment. In two male cousins with early-onset mitochondrial encephalopathy and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) deficiency, we identified a novel AIFM1 mutation. Muscle biopsies and electromyography in both patients showed signs of severe denervation. Our patients manifested a phenotype that included signs of both cortical and motor neuron involvement. These observations emphasize the role of AIF in the development and function of neurons.

SUBMITTER: Diodato D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4755377 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A novel AIFM1 mutation expands the phenotype to an infantile motor neuron disease.

Diodato Daria D Tasca Giorgio G Verrigni Daniela D D'Amico Adele A Rizza Teresa T Tozzi Giulia G Martinelli Diego D Verardo Margherita M Invernizzi Federica F Nasca Alessia A Bellacchio Emanuele E Ghezzi Daniele D Piemonte Fiorella F Dionisi-Vici Carlo C Carrozzo Rosalba R Bertini Enrico E

European journal of human genetics : EJHG 20150715 3

AIFM1 is a gene located on the X chromosome, coding for AIF (Apoptosis-Inducing Factor), a mitochondrial flavoprotein involved in caspase-independent cell death. AIFM1 mutations have been associated with different clinical phenotypes: a severe infantile encephalopathy with combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency and the Cowchock syndrome, an X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMTX4) with axonal sensorimotor neuropathy, deafness and cognitive impairment. In two male cousins with early-on ...[more]

PMID: 26173962

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Project description:PRKAG2 encodes the ?2-subunit isoform of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a heterotrimeric enzyme with major roles in the regulation of energy metabolism in response to cellular stress. Mutations in PRKAG2 have been implicated in a unique hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) characterized by cardiac glycogen overload, ventricular preexcitation, and hypertrophy. We identified a novel, de novo PRKAG2 mutation (K475E) in a neonate with prenatal onset of HCM. We aimed to investigate the cellular impact, signaling pathways involved, and therapeutic options for K475E mutation using cells stably expressing human wild-type (WT) or the K475E mutant. In human embryonic kidney-293 cells, the K475E mutation induced a marked increase in the basal phosphorylation of T172 and AMPK activity, reduced sensitivity to AMP in allosteric activation, and a loss of response to phenformin. In H9c2 cardiomyocytes, the K475E mutation induced inhibition of AMPK and reduced the response to phenformin and increases in the phosphorylation of p70S6 kinase (p70S6K) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1). Primary fibroblasts from the patient with the K475E mutation also showed marked increases in the phosphorylation of p70S6K and 4E-BP1 compared with those from age-matched, nondiseased controls. Moreover, overexpression of K475E induced hypertrophy in H9c2 cells, which was effectively reversed by treatment with rapamycin. Taken together, we have identified a novel, de novo infantile-onset PRKAG2 mutation causing HCM. Our study suggests the K475E mutation induces alteration in basal AMPK activity and results in a hypertrophy phenotype involving the mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling pathway, which can be reversed with rapamycin.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We identified a novel, de novo PRKAG2 mutation (K475E) in the cystathionine ?-synthase 3 repeat, a region critical for AMP binding but with no previous reported mutation. Our data suggest the mutation affects AMP-activated protein kinase activity, activates cell growth pathways, and results in cardiac hypertrophy, which can be reversed with rapamycin.

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A novel AIFM1 mutation expands the phenotype to an infantile motor neuron disease.

Publications

A novel AIFM1 mutation expands the phenotype to an infantile motor neuron disease.

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