Dataset Information

The recent prevalence of osteoporosis and low bone mass in the United States based on bone mineral density at the femoral neck or lumbar spine.

ABSTRACT: The goal of our study was to estimate the prevalence of osteoporosis and low bone mass based on bone mineral density (BMD) at the femoral neck and the lumbar spine in adults 50 years and older in the United States (US). We applied prevalence estimates of osteoporosis or low bone mass at the femoral neck or lumbar spine (adjusted by age, sex, and race/ethnicity to the 2010 Census) for the noninstitutionalized population aged 50 years and older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2010 to 2010 US Census population counts to determine the total number of older US residents with osteoporosis and low bone mass. There were more than 99 million adults aged 50 years and older in the US in 2010. Based on an overall 10.3% prevalence of osteoporosis, we estimated that in 2010, 10.2 million older adults had osteoporosis. The overall low bone mass prevalence was 43.9%, from which we estimated that 43.4 million older adults had low bone mass. We estimated that 7.7 million non-Hispanic white, 0.5 million non-Hispanic black, and 0.6 million Mexican American adults had osteoporosis, and another 33.8, 2.9, and 2.0 million had low bone mass, respectively. When combined, osteoporosis and low bone mass at the femoral neck or lumbar spine affected an estimated 53.6 million older US adults in 2010. Although most of the individuals with osteoporosis or low bone mass were non-Hispanic white women, a substantial number of men and women from other racial/ethnic groups also had osteoporotic BMD or low bone mass.

SUBMITTER: Wright NC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4757905 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The recent prevalence of osteoporosis and low bone mass in the United States based on bone mineral density at the femoral neck or lumbar spine.

Wright Nicole C NC Looker Anne C AC Saag Kenneth G KG Curtis Jeffrey R JR Delzell Elizabeth S ES Randall Susan S Dawson-Hughes Bess B

Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research 20141101 11

The goal of our study was to estimate the prevalence of osteoporosis and low bone mass based on bone mineral density (BMD) at the femoral neck and the lumbar spine in adults 50 years and older in the United States (US). We applied prevalence estimates of osteoporosis or low bone mass at the femoral neck or lumbar spine (adjusted by age, sex, and race/ethnicity to the 2010 Census) for the noninstitutionalized population aged 50 years and older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Su ...[more]

PMID: 24771492

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Project description:Abaloparatide is a selective activator of the parathyroid hormone type 1 receptor signaling pathway that favors the stimulation of bone formation. Here, we report a prospective, exploratory analysis of bone mineral density (BMD) response rates comparing sequential abaloparatide/alendronate vs placebo/alendronate across the ACTIVE and ACTIVExtend studies. BMD was measured at the lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck from the beginning of ACTIVE to the end of ACTIVExtend (18 months of abaloparatide or placebo followed by about 1 month for re-consent, followed by 24 months of alendronate treatment for a total of 43 months). Responders were defined as those patients who had improvements in BMD at 3 anatomic sites-the lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck. Three response thresholds, >0%, >3%, and >6%, were evaluated. Five hundred fifty-eight patients in the abaloparatide/alendronate group and 581 patients in the placebo/alendronate group from ACTIVExtend were included in the analysis. At Month 43, a significantly greater proportion of those in the abaloparatide/alendronate group compared with the placebo/alendronate group responded with BMD changes from ACTIVE baseline of >0%, >3%, and >6% at all 3 anatomic sites (p < 0.001 for each comparison). At the>3% threshold, 60.7% (307/506) vs 24.0% (121/505) of patients experienced BMD increases at all 3 sites in the abaloparatide/alendronate vs placebo/alendronate groups, respectively (p < 0.001). A significantly greater proportion of the abaloparatide/alendronate group experienced BMD increases of>0%, >3%, and >6% at each individual anatomic site compared with the placebo/alendronate group at 43 months (p < 0.001). Additionally, at each visit in ACTIVExtend, there was a significantly greater proportion of patients in the abaloparatide/alendronate group above the 3% threshold at each anatomic site compared with the placebo/alendronate group. Results are consistent with the significant BMD response with abaloparatide vs placebo observed in ACTIVE and with the continued fracture risk reduction with sequential abaloparatide/alendronate compared with placebo/alendronate treatment observed in ACTIVE through ACTIVExtend.

Project description:BackgroundGenome-wide association studies (GWASs) routinely identify loci associated with risk factors for osteoporosis. However, GWASs with relatively small sample sizes still lack sufficient power to ascertain the majority of genetic variants with small to modest effect size, which may together truly influence the phenotype. The loci identified only account for a small percentage of the heritability of osteoporosis. This study aims to identify novel genetic loci associated with DXA-derived femoral neck (FNK) bone mineral density (BMD) and quantitative ultrasound of the heel calcaneus estimated BMD (eBMD), and to detect shared/causal variants for the two traits, to assess whether the SNPs or putative causal SNPs associated with eBMD were also associated with FNK-BMD.MethodsNovel loci associated with eBMD and FNK-BMD were identified by the genetic pleiotropic conditional false discovery rate (cFDR) method. Shared putative causal variants between eBMD and FNK-BMD and putative causal SNPs for each trait were identified by the colocalization method. Mendelian randomization analysis addresses the causal relationship between eBMD/FNK-BMD and fracture.ResultsWe identified 9,500 (cFDR < 9.8E-6), 137 (cFDR < 8.9E-4) and 124 SNPs associated with eBMD, FNK-BMD, and both eBMD and FNK-BMD, respectively, with 37 genomic regions where there was a SNP that influences both eBMD and FNK-BMD. Most genomic regions only contained putative causal SNPs associated with eBMD and 3 regions contained two distinct putative causal SNPs influenced both traits, respectively. We demonstrated a causal effect of FNK-BMD/eBMD on fracture.ConclusionMost of SNPs or putative causal SNPs associated with FNK-BMD were also associated with eBMD. However, most of SNPs or putative causal SNPs associated with eBMD were not associated with FNK-BMD. The novel variants we identified may help to account for the additional proportion of variance of each trait and advance our understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying osteoporotic fracture.

Project description:BACKGROUND: Low bone mineral density (BMD) and subsequent fractures are a major public health problem in postmenopausal women. The purpose of this study was to use the aggregate data meta-analytic approach to examine the effects of ground (for example, walking) and/or joint reaction (for example, strength training) exercise on femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS) BMD in postmenopausal women. METHODS: The a priori inclusion criteria were: (1) randomized controlled trials, (2) exercise intervention???24?weeks, (3) comparative control group, (4) postmenopausal women, (5) participants not regularly active, i.e., less than 150?minutes of moderate intensity (3.0 to 5.9 metabolic equivalents) weight bearing endurance activity per week, less than 75?minutes of vigorous intensity (> 6.0 metabolic equivalents) weight bearing endurance activity per week, resistance training < 2 times per week, (6) published and unpublished studies in any language since January 1, 1989, (7) BMD data available at the FN and/or LS. Studies were located by searching six electronic databases, cross-referencing, hand searching and expert review. Dual selection of studies and data abstraction were performed. Hedge's standardized effect size (g) was calculated for each FN and LS BMD result and pooled using random-effects models. Z-score alpha values, 95%confidence intervals (CI) and number-needed-to-treat (NNT) were calculated for pooled results. Heterogeneity was examined using Q and I2. Mixed-effects ANOVA and simple meta-regression were used to examine changes in FN and LS BMD according to selected categorical and continuous variables. Statistical significance was set at an alpha value ?0.05 and a trend at >0.05 to???0.10. RESULTS: Small, statistically significant exercise minus control group improvements were found for both FN (28?g's, 1632 participants, g?=?0.288, 95% CI?=?0.102, 0.474, p?=?0.002, Q?=?90.5, p?<?0.0001, I2?=?70.1%, NNT?=?6) and LS (28?g's, 1504 participants, g?=?0.179, 95% CI?=?-0.003, 0.361, p?=?0.05, Q?=?77.7, p?<?0.0001, I2?=?65.3%, NNT?=?6) BMD. Clinically, it was estimated that the overall changes in FN and LS would reduce the 20-year relative risk of osteoporotic fracture at any site by approximately 11% and 10%, respectively. None of the mixed-effects ANOVA analyses were statistically significant. Statistically significant, or a trend for statistically significant, associations were observed for changes in FN and LS BMD and 20 different predictors. CONCLUSIONS: The overall findings suggest that exercise may result in clinically relevant benefits to FN and LS BMD in postmenopausal women. Several of the observed associations appear worthy of further investigation in well-designed randomized controlled trials.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Nutritional factors including vitamin D, magnesium, and fat are known to affect bone mineral accrual. This study aimed to evaluate associations between dietary nutrient intakes (both macronutrients and micronutrients) and bone mineral density (BMD) in children and adolescents. METHODS:Data for this cross-sectional, population-based study were derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Participants aged from 8 to 19?years were included. The primary outcome was femoral neck BMD. RESULTS:Multivariate analyses revealed that for participants aged 8 to 11, daily sodium intake was significantly and positively associated with femoral neck BMD (B?=?0.9?×? 10-?5, p?=?0.031); in particular, subgroup analyses by sex found that in male participants aged 8-11, daily total cholesterol intake (B?=?5.3?×?10-?5, p?=?0.030) and calcium intake (B?=?-?2.0?×?10-?5, p?<?0.05) were significantly associated with femoral neck BMD in a positive and negative manner, respectively, but neither were observed in female participants of this age group. In contrast, daily intakes of vitamin D and magnesium were significantly and positively associated with femoral neck BMD in female participants aged 8-11 (B?=?246.8?×?10-?5 and 16.3?×?10-?5, p?=?0.017 and 0.033, respectively). For participants aged 16 to 19, daily total fat intake was significantly and negatively associated with femoral neck BMD (B?=?-?58?×?10-?5, p?=?0.048); further stratification by sex found that magnesium and sodium intakes were significantly and positively associated with femoral neck BMD only in females of this age group (B?=?26.9?×?10-?5 and 2.1?×?10-?5, respectively; both p?<?0.05). However, no significant associations between daily nutrient intakes and femoral neck BMD were identified in participants aged 12-15 before or after subgroup stratification. CONCLUSION:The study found that associations of specific nutrition-related variables with BMD of the femoral neck is dependent upon age and gender.

Project description:BackgroundCow milk contains more calcium, magnesium, potassium, zinc, and phosphorus minerals. For a long time, people have believed that increasing milk intake is beneficial to increasing bone density. Many confounding factors can affect milk consumption, and thus the association described to date may not be causal. We explored the causal relationship between genetically predicted milk consumption and Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of the femoral neck and lumbar spine based on 53,236 individuals from 27 studies of European ancestry using the Mendelian randomization (MR) study. 32,961 individuals of European and East Asian ancestry were used for sensitivity analysis.MethodsA genetic instrument used for evaluating milk consumption is rs4988235, a locus located at 13,910 base pairs upstream of the LCT gene. A Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted to study the effect of selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and BMD. The summary-level data for BMD of the femoral neck and lumbar spine were obtained from two GWAS meta-analyses ['Data Release 2012' and 'Data Release 2015' in the GEnetic Factors for OSteoporosis Consortium (GEFOS)].Resultswe found that genetically predicted milk consumption was not associated with FN-BMD(OR 1.007; 95% CI 0.991-1.023; P = 0.385), LS-BMD(OR 1.003; 95% CI 0.983-1.024; P = 0.743) by performing a meta-analysis of several different cohort studies. High levels of genetically predicted milk intake were positively associated with increased FN-BMD in Women. The OR for each additional milk intake increasing allele was 1.032 (95%CI 1.005-1.059; P = 0.014). However, no causal relationship was found between milk consumption and FN-BMD in men (OR 0.996; 95% CI 0.964-1.029; P = 0.839). Genetically predicted milk consumption was not significantly associated with LS-BMD in women (OR 1.017; 95% CI 0.991-1.043; P = 0.198) and men (OR 1.011; 95% CI 0.978-1.045; P = 0.523).ConclusionOur study found that women who consume more milk have a higher FN-BMD. When studying the effect of milk consumption on bone density in further studies, we need to pay more attention to women.

Dataset Information

The recent prevalence of osteoporosis and low bone mass in the United States based on bone mineral density at the femoral neck or lumbar spine.

Publications

The recent prevalence of osteoporosis and low bone mass in the United States based on bone mineral density at the femoral neck or lumbar spine.

Similar Datasets

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