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Jumping the Gun: Mapping Neural Correlates of Waiting Impulsivity and Relevance Across Alcohol Misuse.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Why do we jump the gun or speak out of turn? Waiting impulsivity has a preclinical basis as a predictor for the development of addiction. Here, we mapped the intrinsic neural correlates of waiting and dissociated it from stopping, both fundamental mechanisms of behavioral control. METHODS:We used a recently developed translational task to assess premature responding and assess response inhibition using the stop signal task. We mapped the neural correlates in 55 healthy volunteers using a novel multi-echo resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging sequence and analysis, which robustly boosts signal-to-noise ratio. We further assessed 32 young binge drinkers and 36 abstinent subjects with alcohol use disorders. RESULTS:Connectivity of limbic and motor cortical and striatal nodes mapped onto a mesial-lateral axis of the subthalamic nucleus. Waiting impulsivity was associated with lower connectivity of the subthalamic nucleus with ventral striatum and subgenual cingulate, regions similarly implicated in rodent lesion studies. This network was dissociable from fast reactive stopping involving hyperdirect connections of the pre-supplementary area and subthalamic nucleus. We further showed that binge drinkers, like those with alcohol use disorders, had elevated premature responding and emphasized the relevance of this subthalamic network across alcohol misuse. Using machine learning techniques we showed that subthalamic connectivity differentiates binge drinkers and individuals with alcohol use disorders from healthy volunteers. CONCLUSIONS:We highlight the translational and clinical relevance of dissociable functional systems of cortical, striatal, and hyperdirect connections with the subthalamic nucleus in modulating waiting and stopping and their importance across dimensions of alcohol misuse.

SUBMITTER: Morris LS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4764648 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Jumping the Gun: Mapping Neural Correlates of Waiting Impulsivity and Relevance Across Alcohol Misuse.

Morris Laurel S LS Kundu Prantik P Baek Kwangyeol K Irvine Michael A MA Mechelmans Daisy J DJ Wood Jonathan J Harrison Neil A NA Robbins Trevor W TW Bullmore Edward T ET Voon Valerie V

Biological psychiatry 20150612 6

<h4>Background</h4>Why do we jump the gun or speak out of turn? Waiting impulsivity has a preclinical basis as a predictor for the development of addiction. Here, we mapped the intrinsic neural correlates of waiting and dissociated it from stopping, both fundamental mechanisms of behavioral control.<h4>Methods</h4>We used a recently developed translational task to assess premature responding and assess response inhibition using the stop signal task. We mapped the neural correlates in 55 healthy ...[more]

PMID: 26185010

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Project description:In general, the Hurst exponent. is used as a measure of long-term memory of time series. In previous neuroimaging studies, H has been introduced as one important parameter to define resting-state networks, reflecting upon global scale-free properties emerging from a network. H has been examined in the waiting impulsivity (WI) network in an earlier study. We found that alterations of H in the anterior cingulate cortex (H A C C ) and the nucleus accumbens (H N A c c ) were lower in high impulsive (highIMP) compared to low impulsive (lowIMP) participants. Following up on those findings, we addressed the relation between altered fractality in H A C C and H N A c c and brain activation and neural network connectivity. To do so, brain activation maps were calculated, and network connectivity was determined using the Dynamic Causal Modeling (DCM) approach. Finally, 1-H scores were determined to quantify the alterations of H. This way, the focus of the analyses was placed on the potential effects of alterations of H on neural network activation and connectivity. Correlation analyses between the alterations of H A C C /H N A c c and activation maps and DCM estimates were performed. We found that the alterations of H predominantly correlated with fronto-hippocampal pathways and correlations were significant only in highIMP subjects. For example, alterations of H A C C was associated with a decrease in neural activation in the right HC in combination with increased ACC-hippocampal connectivity. Alteration inH N A c c , in return, was related to an increase in bilateral prefrontal activation in combination with increased fronto-hippocampal connectivity. The findings, that the WI network was related to H alteration in highIMP subjects indicated that impulse control was not reduced per se but lacked consistency. Additionally, H has been used to describe long-term memory processes before, e.g., in capital markets, energy future prices, and human memory. Thus, current findings supported the relation of H toward memory processing even when further prominent cognitive functions were involved.

Dataset Information

Jumping the Gun: Mapping Neural Correlates of Waiting Impulsivity and Relevance Across Alcohol Misuse.

Publications

Jumping the Gun: Mapping Neural Correlates of Waiting Impulsivity and Relevance Across Alcohol Misuse.

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