Dataset Information

Heavy Smoking Is More Strongly Associated with General Unhealthy Lifestyle than Obesity and Underweight.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Smoking and obesity are major causes of non-communicable diseases. We investigated the associations of heavy smoking, obesity, and underweight with general lifestyle to infer which of these risk groups has the most unfavourable lifestyle. METHODS:We used data from the population-based cross-sectional Swiss Health Survey (5 rounds 1992-2012), comprising 85,575 individuals aged?18 years. Height, weight, smoking, diet, alcohol intake and physical activity were self-reported. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to analyse differences in lifestyle between the combinations of body mass index (BMI) category and smoking status. RESULTS:Compared to normal-weight never smokers (reference), individuals who were normal-weight, obese, or underweight and smoked heavily at the same time had a poorer general lifestyle. The lifestyle of obese and underweight never smokers differed less from reference. Regardless of BMI category, in heavy smoking men and women the fruit and vegetable consumption was lower (e.g. obese heavy smoking men: relative risk ratio (RRR) 1.69 [95% confidence interval 1.30;2.21]) and high alcohol intake was more common (e.g. normal-weight heavy smoking women 5.51 [3.71;8.20]). In both sexes, physical inactivity was observed more often in heavy smokers and obese or underweight (e.g. underweight never smoking 1.29 [1.08;1.54] and heavy smoking women 2.02 [1.33;3.08]). A decrease of smoking prevalence was observed over time in normal-weight, but not in obese individuals. CONCLUSIONS:Unhealthy general lifestyle was associated with both heavy smoking and BMI extremes, but we observed a stronger association for heavy smoking. Future smoking prevention measures should pay attention to improvement of general lifestyle and co-occurrence with obesity and underweight.

SUBMITTER: Lohse T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4765891 | biostudies-literature | 2016

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Heavy Smoking Is More Strongly Associated with General Unhealthy Lifestyle than Obesity and Underweight.

Lohse Tina T Rohrmann Sabine S Bopp Matthias M Faeh David D

PloS one 20160224 2

<h4>Background</h4>Smoking and obesity are major causes of non-communicable diseases. We investigated the associations of heavy smoking, obesity, and underweight with general lifestyle to infer which of these risk groups has the most unfavourable lifestyle.<h4>Methods</h4>We used data from the population-based cross-sectional Swiss Health Survey (5 rounds 1992-2012), comprising 85,575 individuals aged≥18 years. Height, weight, smoking, diet, alcohol intake and physical activity were self-reporte ...[more]

PMID: 26910775

Similar Datasets

Project description:The understanding on the roles of obesity and lifestyle behaviors in predicting executive function of adolescents has been limited. Low executive function proficiency may have adverse effects on adolescents' school academic performance. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the relationship between BMI-for-age and multiple lifestyle behaviors (operationalized as meal consumption, physical activity, and sleep quality) with executive function (operationalized as inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility) on a sample of Malaysian adolescents aged between 12 and 16 years (N = 513). Participants were recruited from two randomly selected schools in the state of Selangor in Malaysia. Using a self-administered questionnaire, parent participants provided information concerning their sociodemographic data, whereas adolescent participants provided information regarding their meal consumptions, physical activity, and sleep quality. The modified Harvard step test was used to assess adolescents' aerobic fitness, while Stroop color-word, digit span, and trail-making tests were used to assess adolescents' inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility, respectively. Three separate hierarchical regression analyses were conducted for each outcome namely, inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. After adjusted for sociodemographic factors and BMI-for-age, differential predictors of inhibition and working memory were found. Habitual sleep efficiency significantly and positively predicted inhibition. Regular dinner intakes, physical activity levels, and sleep quality significantly and positively predicted working memory. Household income emerged as a consistent predictor for all executive function domains. In conclusion, an increased trend of obesity and unhealthy lifestyles among adolescents were found to be associated with poorer executive function. Regular dinner intakes, higher physical activity levels and better sleep quality predicted better executive function despite the inverse relationship between obesity and executive function. Future studies may explore how lifestyle modifications can optimize the development of executive function in adolescents as well as relieve the burden of obesity.

Project description:BackgroundObesity has been suggested to be associated with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, it is unclear whether obesity or metabolic abnormalities accompanied by obesity have a stronger association with COVID-19 risk.MethodsThis study used the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency database, which includes information about the COVID-19 diagnosis and mortality dates of the entire Korean population between October 2020 and December 2021 (for diagnosis) or March 2022 (for mortality). A total of 24,310,283 adults were included and classified into four metabolic obesity phenotypes: (1) metabolically healthy and normal weight (MHNW), (2) metabolically unhealthy and normal weight (MUNW), (3) metabolically healthy and obese (MHO), and (4) metabolically unhealthy and obese (MUO). COVID-19 mortality and severity were compared according to metabolic obesity phenotypes in the total population and in each age group (20-<50 years, 50-<70 years, and ≥ 70 years). Additionally, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) after COVID-19 infection were compared according to metabolic obesity phenotypes.ResultsA total of 3, 956, 807 participants (16.3%) were diagnosed with COVID-19 during the study period. Among them, metabolically unhealthy subjects had higher mortality rates than metabolically healthy subjects (0.81% for MUNW, 0.40% for MUO, 0.23% for MHNW, and 0.19% for MHO). The rates of severe hospitalized disease were also higher in metabolically unhealthy subjects than in healthy subjects (0.59% for MUNW, 0.55% for MUO, 0.19% for MHNW, and 0.31% for MHO). In the subgroup analyses by age, similar trends were observed in subjects aged 20-50 and 50-70 years, respectively. Additionally, the incidence of total MACE was increased in metabolically unhealthy individuals.ConclusionsThe study shows that metabolic health is more strongly associated with COVID-19 mortality and severity than obesity, particularly in adults aged < 70 years.

Project description:BackgroundUnderweight, overweight, and obesity are major public health challenges among reproductive-age women of lower- and middle-income countries (including Tanzania). In those settings, obesogenic factors (attributes that promote excessive body weight gain) are increasing in the context of an existing high burden of undernutrition. The present study investigated factors associated with underweight, overweight, and obesity among reproductive age women in Tanzania.MethodsThis study used 2015-16 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey data (n = 11735). To account for the hierarchical nature of the data (i.e., reproductive age women nested within clusters), multilevel multinomial logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between individual-level (socioeconomic, demographic and behavioural) and community-level factors with underweight, overweight, and obesity.ResultsReproductive age women who were informally employed (relative risk ratio [RRR] = 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.64, 0.96), those who were currently married (RRR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.43, 0.82) and those who used contraceptives (RRR = 0.70; 95% CI: 0.54, 0.90) were less likely to be underweight. Reproductive age women who attained secondary or higher education (RRR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.96), those who resided in wealthier households (RRR = 2.31; 95% CI: 1.78, 3.03) and those who watched the television (RRR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.50) were more likely to be overweight. The risk of experiencing obesity was higher among reproductive age women who attained secondary or higher education (RRR = 1.79; 95% CI: 1.23, 2.61), those who were formally employed (RRR = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.98), those who resided in wealthier households (RRR = 4.77; 95% CI: 3.03, 7.50), those who used alcohol (RRR = 1.43; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.82) and/or watched the television (RRR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.35, 2.13).ConclusionOur study suggests that relevant government jurisdictions need to identify, promote, and implement evidence-based interventions that can simultaneously address underweight and overweight/obesity among reproductive age women in Tanzania.

Project description:Background & aimsIt is unclear to what extent lifestyle and genetic factors affect the incidence of chronic liver disease (CLD) in the general population and if lifestyle affects CLD independently of underlying cardiometabolic perturbations and genetic predisposition.MethodsWe examined 27,991 men and women aged 44-73 years from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study recruited between 1991-1996 and followed until the end of 2020 using registry linkage (median follow-up time 25.1 years; 382 incident first-time CLD events). Associations between cardiometabolic factors, polygenic risk scores (PRSs), and lifestyle factors in relation to CLD were examined using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models.ResultsThe incidence of CLD increased with number of cardiometabolic risk factors (the hazard ratio per each additional cardiometabolic risk factor was 1.33; 95% CI 1.21-1.45; p = 5.1 x 10-10). Two novel PRSs for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and a PRS for cirrhosis were associated with higher risk of CLD but provided marginal predictive utility on top of other risk factors and compared to the PNPLA3 rs738409 genetic variant. An unhealthy lifestyle (high alcohol intake, current smoking, physical inactivity and unhealthy diet) markedly increased the risk of CLD (hazard ratio 3.97, 95% CI 2.59-6.10). Observed associations between examined lifestyle factors and CLD were largely independent of cardiometabolic perturbations and polygenic risk.ConclusionsWe confirmed the importance of cardiometabolic dysfunction in relation to risk of CLD in the general population. Lifestyle risk factors were shown to be independently associated with CLD and added predictive information on top of cardiometabolic risk factors. Information on the polygenic risk of liver disease does not currently improve the prediction of CLD in the general population.Impact and implicationsThis large population-based prospective study suggests largely independent roles of cardiometabolic, lifestyle, and genetic risk factors in the development of chronic liver disease. Findings strengthen the evidence base for a beneficial effect of modification of high-risk lifestyle behaviors in the primary prevention of chronic liver disease in the general population.

Dataset Information

Heavy Smoking Is More Strongly Associated with General Unhealthy Lifestyle than Obesity and Underweight.

Publications

Heavy Smoking Is More Strongly Associated with General Unhealthy Lifestyle than Obesity and Underweight.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets