Sodium potassium hydrogen citrate, NaKHC6H5O7.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Rammohan A
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4770952 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:The high recurrence rate of renal uric acid stone (UAS) poses a significant challenge for urologists, and potassium sodium hydrogen citrate (PSHC) has been proven to be an effective oral dissolution drug. However, no studies have investigated the impact of PSHC on gut microbiota and its metabolites during stone dissolution therapy. We prospectively recruited 37 UAS patients and 40 healthy subjects, of which 12 patients completed a 3-month pharmacological intervention. Fasting vein blood was extracted and mid-stream urine was retained for biochemical testing. Fecal samples were collected for 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) content determination. UAS patients exhibited comorbidities such as obesity, hypertension, gout, and dyslipidemia. The richness and diversity of the gut microbiota were significantly decreased in UAS patients, Bacteroides and Fusobacterium were dominant genera while Subdoligranulum and Bifidobacterium were poorly enriched. After PSHC intervention, there was a significant reduction in stone size accompanied by decreased serum uric acid and increased urinary pH levels. The abundance of pathogenic bacterium Fusobacterium was significantly downregulated following the intervention, whereas there was an upregulation observed in SCFA-producing bacteria Lachnoclostridium and Parasutterella, leading to a significant elevation in butyric acid content. Functions related to fatty acid synthesis and amino acid metabolism within the microbiota showed upregulation following PSHC intervention. The correlation analysis revealed a positive association between stone pathogenic bacteria abundance and clinical factors for stone formation, while a negative correlation with SCFAs contents. Our preliminary study revealed that alterations in gut microbiota and metabolites were the crucial physiological adaptation to PSHC intervention. Targeted regulation of microbiota and SCFA holds promise for enhancing drug therapy efficacy and preventing stone recurrence. KEY POINTS: • Bacteroides and Fusobacterium were identified as dominant genera for UAS patients • After PSHC intervention, Fusobacterium decreased and butyric acid content increased • The microbiota increased capacity for fatty acid synthesis after PSHC intervention.
| S-EPMC10771603 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The crystal structure of sodium dipotassium citrate, Na(+)·2K(+)·C6H5O7 (3-), has been solved and refined using laboratory X-ray powder diffraction data, and optimized using density functional techniques. The Na(+) and one of the K(+) cations are six-coordinate, with bond-valence sums of 1.13 and 0.92 valence units, respectively, while another crystallographically independent K(+) cation is seven-coordinate with a bond-valence sum of 1.20. The [KO6] and [KO7] polyhedra share edges and corners to form layers perpendicular to the b axis. The distorted [NaO6] octa-hedra share edges to form chains along the a axis. The result is a three-dimensional network. The only O-H⋯O hydrogen bond is an intra-molecular one between the hy-droxy group and a terminal carboxyl-ate group.
| S-EPMC4778822 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The crystal structure of sodium rubidium hydrogen citrate, NaRbHC6H5O7 or [NaRb(C6H6O7)] n , has been solved and refined using laboratory powder X-ray diffraction data, and optimized using density functional techniques. This compound is isostructural to NaKHC6H5O7. The Na atom is six-coordinate, with a bond-valence sum of 1.16. The Rb atom is eight-coordinate, with a bond-valence sum of 1.17. The distorted [NaO6] octa-hedra share edges to form chains along the a-axis direction. The irregular [RbO8] coordination polyhedra share edges with the [NaO6] octa-hedra on either side of the chain, and share corners with other Rb atoms, resulting in triple chains along the a-axis direction. The most prominent feature of the structure is the chain along [111] of very short, very strong hydrogen bonds; the O?O distances are 2.426 and 2.398?Å. The Mulliken overlap populations in these hydrogen bonds are 0.140 and 0.143 electrons, which correspond to hydrogen-bond energies of about 20.3?kcal?mol-1. The crystal structure of sodium caesium hydrogen citrate, NaCsHC6H5O7 or [NaCs(C6H6O7)] n , has also been solved and refined using laboratory powder X-ray diffraction data, and optimized using density functional techniques. The Na atom is six-coordinate, with a bond-valence sum of 1.15. The Cs atom is eight-coordinate, with a bond-valence sum of 0.97. The distorted trigonal-prismatic [NaO6] coordination polyhedra share edges to form zigzag chains along the b-axis direction. The irregular [CsO8] coordination polyhedra share edges with the [NaO6] polyhedra to form layers parallel to the (101) plane, unlike the isolated chains in NaKHC6H5O7 and NaRbHC6H5O7. A prominent feature of the structure is the chain along [100] of very short, very strong O-H?O hydrogen bonds; the refined O?O distances are 2.398 and 2.159?Å, and the optimized distances are 2.398 and 2.347?Å. The Mulliken overlap populations in these hydrogen bonds are 0.143 and 0.133 electrons, which correspond to hydrogen-bond energies about 20.3?kcal?mol-1.
| S-EPMC6362649 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The concentration dependencies of diffusion permeability of homogeneous (AMX-Sb and AX) and heterogeneous (MA-41 and FTAM-EDI) anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) is obtained in solutions of ampholytes (sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO3; monosodium phosphate, NaH2PO4; and potassium hydrogen tartrate, KHT) and a strong electrolyte (sodium chloride, NaCl). It is established that the diffusion permeability of AEMs increases with dilution of the ampholyte solutions, while it decreases in the case of the strong electrolyte solution. The factors causing the unusual form of concentration dependencies of AEMs in the ampholyte solutions are considered: (1) the enrichment of the internal AEM solution with multiply charged counterions and (2) the increase in the pore size of AEMs with dilution of the external solution. The enrichment of the internal solution of AEMs with multiply charged counterions is caused by the Donnan exclusion of protons, which are the products of protolysis reactions. The increase in the pore size is conditioned by the stretching of the elastic polymer matrix due to the penetration of strongly hydrated anions of carbonic, phosphoric, and tartaric acids into the AEMs.
| S-EPMC6950726 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The crystal structure of a second polymorph of sodium di-hydrogen citrate, Na(+)·H2C6H5O7 (-), has been solved and refined using laboratory X-ray powder diffraction data, and optimized using density functional techniques. The powder pattern of the commercial sample used in this study did not match that corresponding to the known crystal structure [Glusker et al. (1965). Acta Cryst. 19, 561-572; refcode NAHCIT]. In this polymorph, the [NaO7] coordination polyhedra form edge-sharing chains propagating along the a axis, while in NAHCIT the octa-hedral [NaO6] groups form edge-sharing pairs bridged by two hy-droxy groups. The most notable difference is that in this polymorph one of the terminal carboxyl groups is deprotonated, while in NAHCIT the central carboxyl-ate group is deprotonated, as is more typical.
| S-EPMC4908552 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The crystal structure of disodium hydrogen citrate sesquihydrate, 2Na2 (+)·C6H6O7 (2-)·1.5H2O, has been solved and refined using laboratory X-ray single-crystal diffraction data, and optimized using density functional techniques. The asymmetric unit contains two independent hydrogen citrate anions, four sodium cations and three water molecules. The coordination polyhedra of the cations (three with a coordination number of six, one with seven) share edges to form isolated 8-rings. The un-ionized terminal carb-oxy-lic acid groups form very strong hydrogen bonds to non-coordinating O atoms, with O⋯O distances of 2.46 Å.
| S-EPMC4992911 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Wearable supercapacitors based on carbon materials have been emerging as an advanced technology for next-generation portable electronic devices with high performance. However, the application of these devices cannot be realized unless suitable flexible power sources are developed. Here, an effective electrospinning method was used to prepare the one-dimensional (1D) and nano-scale carbon fiber membrane based on potassium citrate/polyacrylonitrile (PAN), which exhibited potential applications in supercapacitors. The chemical and physical properties of carbon nanofibers were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the Brunnauer-Emmett-Teller method. The fabricated carbon nanofiber membrane illustrates a high specific capacitance of 404 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g. The good electrochemical properties could be attributed to the small diameter and large specific surface area, which promoted a high capacity.
| S-EPMC8951469 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The development of bacterial resistance is an insistent global health care issue, especially in light of the dwindled supply of new antimicrobial agents. This mandates the development of new innovative approaches to overcome the resistance development obstacle. Mitigation of bacterial virulence is an interesting approach that offers multiple advantages. Employing safe chemicals or drugs to mitigate bacterial virulence is an additive advantage. In the current study, the in vitro antivirulence activities of citrate were evaluated. Significantly, sodium citrate inhibited bacterial biofilm formation at sub-MIC concentrations. Furthermore, sodium citrate decreased the production of virulence factors protease and pyocyanin and diminished bacterial motility. Quorum sensing (QS) is the communicative system that bacterial cells utilize to communicate with each other and regulate the virulence of the host cells. In the present study, citrate in silico blocked the Pseudomonas QS receptors and downregulated the expression of QS-encoding genes. In conclusion, sodium citrate showed a significant ability to diminish bacterial virulence in vitro and interfered with QS; it could serve as a safe adjuvant to traditional antibiotic treatment for aggressive resistant bacterial infections such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections.
| S-EPMC9145658 | biostudies-literature
Project description:High dietary sodium and low potassium intake increase blood pressure and risk of hypertension, but whether the relationship between dietary sodium and potassium and risk of hypertension is different in North China and South China remains unclear. We used data from the longitudinal China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) and selected 6705 adults who participated in at least two waves in 2009, 2011, and 2015 and had no hypertension in baseline. We performed multiple linear regression analysis and multiple logistic regressions stratified by area for the present study design. Sodium and potassium intake were higher in North China (4343.4 and 1624.8 mg/day, respectively) than in South China (4107.8 and 1516.1 mg/d, respectively) (p < 0.05). Multiple linear regression revealed that a positive correlation of sodium intake (? = 0.026, p < 0.05) and ratio of sodium to potassium (Na-K) intake (? = 0.041, p < 0.01) with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was found in North China, and the association of sodium, potassium, and Na-K intake ratio with blood pressure was different in South China. Multiple logistic regressions documented a similar significant inverse association between dietary potassium intake and risk of hypertension in both North China and South China (risk ratio (RR): 0.63, 95%CI: 0.50-0.79; RR: 0.80, 95%CI: 0.66-0.98, respectively). The risk of hypertension increased in the fourth quartile of dietary sodium and Na-K intake ratio (RR: 1.20, 95%CI: 1.00-1.44; RR: 1.35, 95%CI: 1.13-1.62, respectively) in North China but no association was observed in South China. The current study indicates a different association of dietary sodium and Na-K intake ratio with systolic blood pressure (SBP), DBP, and risk of hypertension in North China and South China.
| S-EPMC7071283 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundAssociation between casual and 24-h urinary sodium-to-potassium (Na/K) ratio is well recognized, although it has not been validated in diverse demographic groups. Our aim was to assess utility across and within populations of casual urine to estimate 24-h urinary Na/K ratio using data from the INTERSALT Study.MethodsThe INTERSALT Study collected cross-sectional standardized data on casual urinary sodium and potassium and also on timed 24-h urinary sodium and potassium for 10 065 individuals from 52 population samples in 32 countries (1985-87). Pearson correlation coefficients and agreement were computed for Na/K ratio of casual urine against 24-h urinary Na/K ratio both at population and individual levels.ResultsPearson correlation coefficients relating means of 24-h urine and casual urine Na/K ratio were r = 0.96 and r = 0.69 in analyses across populations and individuals, respectively. Correlations of casual urine Na/creatinine and K/creatinine ratios with 24-h urinary Na and K excretion, respectively, were lower than correlation of casual and 24-h urinary Na/K ratio in analyses across populations and individuals. The bias estimate with the Bland-Altman method, defined as the difference between Na/K ratio of 24-h urine and casual urine, was approximately 0.4 across both populations and individuals. Spread around, the mean bias was higher for individuals than populations.ConclusionWith appropriate bias correction, casual urine Na/K ratio may be a useful, low-burden alternative method to 24-h urine for estimation of population urinary Na/K ratio. It may also be applicable for assessment of the urinary Na/K ratio of individuals, with use of repeated measurements to reduce measurement error and increase precision.
| S-EPMC5837629 | biostudies-literature