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Re-infection of the prion from the scrapie‑infected cell line SMB-S15 in three strains of mice, CD1, C57BL/6 and Balb/c.

ABSTRACT: It is well known that the SMB-S15 cell line was originally established by cultures from the brains of mice affected by the Chandler scrapie strain, and this cell line may express PrPSc permanently. However, the infectivity of the S15-derived prions on experimental animals has not yet been well documented. In the present study, the cell lysates of SMB-S15 were intracerebrally inoculated into three different strains of mice, namely C57BL/6, Balb/c and CD1. Prion protein (PRNP) gene sequencing revealed the same encoded PrP proteins in the sequences of amino acids in the three strains of mice, in addition to a synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in CD1 mice. All infected mice developed typical experimental transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) approximately six months post-infection. The clinical features of three infected mice were comparable. The pathogenic characteristics, such as the electrophoretic and glycosylation profiles and proteinase K (PK) resistance of PrPSc molecules, as well as the neuropathological characteristics, such as spongiform vacuolation, PrPSc deposits in cortex regions, astrogliosis and activated microglia, were also similar in all three strains of infected mice. However, PrPSc deposits in the cerebellums of CD1 mice were significantly fewer, which was linked with the observation that lower numbers of CD1 mice presented cerebellum-associated symptoms. Successive inoculation of the individual strains of mice with brain homogenates from the infected mice also induced typical experimental scrapie. The data in the present study thus confirm that the prion agent in SMB-S15 cells causes stable infectivity in different types of mice with distinct phenotypes after long-term propagation in vitro. The present study also provides further scrapie rodent models, which may be used in further studies.

SUBMITTER: Xiao K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4771105 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Pregnancy and lactation are characterized by dramatic changes in the endocrine system and brain in mammalian females. These changes, with stress before pregnancy, are potential risk factors for the development of postpartum depression (PPD). A valid animal model of PPD is needed to understand the neurobiological basis of the depressive state of females. To explore a mouse model of PPD, we first assessed anxiety-like and depression-related behaviors in nulliparous (virgin), nonlactating primiparous, and lactating primiparous females in four inbred strains of mice (C57BL/6J, C57BL/6JJcl, BALB/cAnNCrlCrlj, and BALB/cAJcl). Pups from the nonlactating female group were removed one day after parturition to examine the effects of physical interaction with pups on the postpartum behaviors. Second, we investigated the additional effects of prepregnancy stress (restraint stress for 6 h/day for 21 days) on postpartum behaviors in the BALB/cAJcl strain. We found that females of the two BALB/c substrains showed decreased locomotor activity and increased anxiety-like and depression-related behaviors compared with females of the two C57BL/6 substrains. Behavioral differences were also observed between the two substrains of each strain. Additionally, pregnancy- and lactation-dependent behavioral differences were found in some strains: lactating BALB/cAJcl females traveled shorter distance than the females of the other reproductive state groups, while nonlactating and lactating BALB/cAJcl and C57BL/6J females showed increased depression-related behavior compared with nulliparous females. Lactating BALB/cAJcl and C57BL/6JJcl females exhibited decreased sucrose preference or anhedonia-like behavior compared with nulliparous and nonlactating females, although these results did not reach statistical significance after correction for multiple testing. An additional independent experiment replicated the marked behavioral changes in lactating BALB/cAJcl females. Moreover, increased anxiety-like behavior was observed in lactating BALB/cAJcl females that experienced prepregnancy stress. These results suggest genetic contributions to the regulation of anxiety-like and depression-related behaviors in female mice. Furthermore, this study suggests that pregnancy and lactation cause decreased locomotor activity and increased depression-related behaviors, which was consistently found in our results, and that prepregnancy stress enhances anxiety-like behavior in the BALB/cAJcl strain. The inbred strain of female mice may be used as a potential model of PPD to further study the genetic and neurobiological mechanisms underlying the development of this disorder.

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Re-infection of the prion from the scrapie‑infected cell line SMB-S15 in three strains of mice, CD1, C57BL/6 and Balb/c.

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