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Chronic exposure of low dose salinomycin inhibits MSC migration capability in vitro.

ABSTRACT: Salinomycin is a polyether antiprotozoal antibiotic that is used as a food additive, particularly in poultry farming. By consuming animal products, there may be a chronic human exposure to salinomycin. Salinomycin inhibits the differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes. As human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) may differentiate into different mesenchymal cells, it thus appeared worthwhile to investigate whether chronic salinomycin exposure impairs the functional properties of MSC and induces genotoxic effects. Bone marrow MSC were treated with low-dose salinomycin (100 nM) (MSC-Sal) for 4 weeks, while the medium containing salinomycin was changed every other day. Functional changes were evaluated and compared to MSC without salinomycin treatment (MSC-control). MSC-Sal and MSC-control were positive for cluster of differentiation 90 (CD90), CD73 and CD44, and negative for CD34. There were no differences observed in cell morphology or cytoskeletal structures following salinomycin exposure. The differentiation into adipocytes and osteocytes was not counteracted by salinomycin, and proliferation capability was not inhibited following salinomycin exposure. The migration of MSC-Sal was attenuated significantly as compared to the MSC-control. There were no genotoxic effects after 4 weeks of salinomycin exposure. The present study shows an altered migration capacity as a sign of functional impairment of MSC induced by chronic salinomycin exposure. Further in vitro toxicological investigations, particularly with primary human cells, are required to understand the impact of chronic salinomycin consumption on human cell systems.

SUBMITTER: Scherzad A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4774322 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Chronic exposure of low dose salinomycin inhibits MSC migration capability <i>in vitro</i>.

Scherzad Agmal A Hackenberg Stephan S Froelich Katrin K Rak Kristen K Hagen Rudolf R Taeger Johannes J Bregenzer Maximillian M Kleinsasser Norbert N

Biomedical reports 20160114 3

Salinomycin is a polyether antiprotozoal antibiotic that is used as a food additive, particularly in poultry farming. By consuming animal products, there may be a chronic human exposure to salinomycin. Salinomycin inhibits the differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes. As human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) may differentiate into different mesenchymal cells, it thus appeared worthwhile to investigate whether chronic salinomycin exposure impairs the functional properties of MSC and induces ...[more]

PMID: 26998269

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Project description:Arsenic (As) exposure is a significant worldwide environmental health concern. Low dose, chronic arsenic exposure has been associated with higher risk of skin, lung, and bladder cancer, as well as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. While arsenic-induced biological changes play a role in disease pathology, little is known about the dynamic cellular changes due to arsenic exposure and withdrawal. In these studies, we seek to understand the molecular mechanisms behind the biological changes induced by chronic low doses of arsenic exposure. We used a comprehensive approach involving chromatin structural studies and mRNA microarray analyses to determine how chromatin structure and gene expression patterns change in response to chronic low dose arsenic exposure and its subsequent withdrawal. Our results show that cells exposed to low doses of sodium arsenite have distinct temporal and coordinated chromatin, gene expression and miRNA changes that are consistent with differentiation and activation of multiple biochemical pathways. Most of these temporal patterns in gene expression are reversed when arsenic was withdrawn. However, some of the gene expression patterns remained altered, plausibly as a result of an adaptive response by these cells. Additionally, these gene expression patterns correlated with changes in chromatin structure, further solidifying the role of chromatin structure in gene regulatory changes due to arsenite exposure. Lastly, we show that arsenite exposure influences gene regulation both at the transcription initiation as well as at the splicing level. Thus our results suggest that general patterns of alternative splicing, as well as expression of particular gene regulators, can be indicative of arsenite-induced cell transformation. A total of eight (8) samples with two biological replicates under four separate conditions: wild-type treated with deionized H2O for 36 days (NT); chronic low-dose arsenic exposure of 1 uM of sodium arsenite (iAs-T) for 36 days; chronic arsenic exposure of 1 uM of sodium arsenite for 26 days followed by removal of sodium arsenite for 10 days, measured at day 36 (iAs-Rev); and chronic arsenic exposure of 1 uM of sodium arsenite for 26 days, followed by removal of sodium arsenite exposure for 10 days, followed by 1 uM of chronic sodium arsenite exposure for 10 days (measured at day 46) (iAs-Rev-T).

Dataset Information

Chronic exposure of low dose salinomycin inhibits MSC migration capability in vitro.

Publications

Chronic exposure of low dose salinomycin inhibits MSC migration capability <i>in vitro</i>.

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