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New Insights into the Biosynthetic Logic of Ribosomally Synthesized and Post-translationally Modified Peptide Natural Products.

ABSTRACT: Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) are a large group of structurally diverse natural products. Their biological activities and unique biosynthetic pathways have sparked a growing interest in RiPPs. Furthermore, the relatively low genetic complexity associated with RiPP biosynthesis makes them excellent candidates for synthetic biology applications. This Review highlights recent developments in the understanding of the biosynthesis of several bacterial RiPP family members, the use of the RiPP biosynthetic machinery for generating novel macrocyclic peptides, and the implementation of tools designed to guide the discovery and characterization of novel RiPPs.

SUBMITTER: Ortega MA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4779184 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide natural products: overview and recommendations for a universal nomenclature.

Project description:This review presents recommended nomenclature for the biosynthesis of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs), a rapidly growing class of natural products. The current knowledge regarding the biosynthesis of the >20 distinct compound classes is also reviewed, and commonalities are discussed.

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Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide natural product discovery in the genomic era.

Project description:In the past 15 years, the cost of sequencing a genome has plummeted. Consequently, the number of sequenced bacterial genomes has exponentially increased, and methods for natural product discovery have evolved rapidly to take advantage of the wealth of genomic data. This review highlights applications of genome mining software to compare and organize large-scale data sets and methods for identifying unique biosynthetic pathways amongst the thousands of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide (RiPP) gene clusters. We also discuss a small number of the many RiPPs discovered in the years 2014-2016.

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Mechanism of Action of Ribosomally Synthesized and Post-Translationally Modified Peptides.

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Antiviral activities and applications of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs).

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Genome mining for ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) in anaerobic bacteria.

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Radical SAM Enzymes in the Biosynthesis of Ribosomally Synthesized and Post-translationally Modified Peptides (RiPPs).

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A Single Amino Acid Switch Alters the Isoprene Donor Specificity in Ribosomally Synthesized and Post-Translationally Modified Peptide Prenyltransferases.

Project description:Mutation at a single amino acid alters the isoprene donor specificity of prenyltransferases involved in the modification of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs). Though most characterized RiPP prenyltransferases carry out the regiospecific transfer of C5 dimethylallyl donor to the side chain atoms on macrocyclic acceptor substrates, the elucidation of the cyanobactin natural product piricyclamide 70005E1 identifies an O-geranyl modification on Tyr, a reaction with little prior biochemical precedence. Reconstitution and kinetic studies of the presumptive geranyltransferase PirF shows that the enzyme utilizes a C10 donor, with no C5 transferase activity. The crystal structure of PirF reveals a single amino acid difference in the vicinity of the isoprene-binding pocket, relative to the C5 utilizing enzymes. Remarkably, only a single amino acid mutation is necessary to completely switch the donor specificity from a C5 to a C10 prenyltransferase, and vice versa. Lastly, we demonstrate that these enzymes may be used for the chemospecific attachment of C5 or C10 lipid groups on lanthipeptides, an unrelated class of RiPP natural products. These studies represent a rare example where prenyl donor specificity can be discretely altered, which expands the arsenal of synthetic biology tools for tuning biological activities of peptide natural products.

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