Dataset Information

CYP1B1-mediated Pathobiology of Primary Congenital Glaucoma.

ABSTRACT: CYP1B1 is a dioxin-inducible enzyme belonging to the cytochrome P450 superfamily. It has been observed to be important in a variety of developmental processes including in utero development of ocular structures. Owing to its role in the developmental biology of eye, its dysfunction can lead to ocular developmental defects. This has been found to be true and CYP1B1 mutations have been observed in a majority of primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) patients from all over the globe. Primary congenital glaucoma is an irreversibly blinding childhood disorder (onset at birth or early infancy) typified by anomalous development of trabecular meshwork (TM). How CYP1B1 causes PCG is not known; however, some basic investigations have been reported. Understanding the CYP1B1 mediated etiopathomechanism of PCG is very important to identify targets for therapy and preventive management. In this perspective, we will make an effort to reconstruct the pathomechanism of PCG in the light of already reported information about the disease and the CYP1B1 gene. How to cite this article: Faiq MA, Dada R, Qadri R, Dada T. CYP1 B1-mediated Pathobiology of Primary Congenital Glaucoma. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2015;9(3):77-80.

SUBMITTER: Faiq MA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4779945 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Sep-Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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CYP1B1-mediated Pathobiology of Primary Congenital Glaucoma.

Faiq Muneeb A MA Dada Rima R Qadri Rizwana R Dada Tanuj T

Journal of current glaucoma practice 20150901 3

CYP1B1 is a dioxin-inducible enzyme belonging to the cytochrome P450 superfamily. It has been observed to be important in a variety of developmental processes including in utero development of ocular structures. Owing to its role in the developmental biology of eye, its dysfunction can lead to ocular developmental defects. This has been found to be true and CYP1B1 mutations have been observed in a majority of primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) patients from all over the globe. Primary congenital ...[more]

PMID: 26997841

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Project description:Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) is the most common type of infantile glaucoma, yet it remains a relatively rare disease, because the disease is often transmitted in an autosomal recessive pattern. However, PCG occurs up to 10 times more frequently in certain ethnic and geographical groups where consanguineous relationships are common. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of mutations in the cytochrome P450 1B1 gene ( CYP1B1 ) in patients with PCG among different populations around the world from 2011 until May 2016. We referred to the electronic databases, such as Medline, Clinicalkey, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, to search for articles that were published in this area. Nineteen records were included in this qualitative synthesis. CYP1B1 mutations were assessed in 1,220 patients with PCG and identified in 41.6% of them. According to these studies, 99 mutations including 60 novel mutations were found. Nonsignificant difference in the sex ratio has been reported. This current review shows that consanguinity plays an important role in the PCG pathogenesis and transmission; however, sporadic mutations have been found in some cases. A difference in penetrance was highlighted by some mutations. The CYP1B1 mutations were mostly found in the Middle East and the Maghreb with a rate of 64.8 and 54.4%, respectively, followed by Europe (34.7%), Asia (21.3%), and finally the United States (14.9%). Founder mutations in different geographical areas have been discovered. For instance, the p.Gly61Glu, p.Arg390His, p.Gly61Glu, c.4,339delG, p.E387Lys, and p.Val320Leu were considered founder mutations for Iran/Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Lebanon, Morocco, Europe, and Vietnam/South Korea, respectively. Many common mutations in different countries were found, such as in Morocco, where its mutations were similar to seven other countries. These findings suggest that the ethnic differences and the geographical distribution of PCG give us a large CYP1B1 mutation pattern. Genetic tests looking for founder and common mutations should be the first step in genetic screening for patients with PCG.

Project description:BACKGROUND: CYP1B1 is the most commonly mutated gene in primary congenital glaucoma (PCG). This study was undertaken to identify mutations in CYP1B1 in the Western region of Saudi Arabia. METHODS: Blood of patients who had typical findings of PCG, were screened by direct sequencing of all coding exons and splice junctions of the CYP1B1 gene. RESULTS: 34 patients were studied; 18 patients belonged to 8 families, and 16 patients were non-familial, isolated PCG. Consanguinity was found in 27/34 (79.4%) of cases. All patients were diagnosed to have bilateral PCG at birth except one child, who had glaucoma in the right eye. More males (61.8%) were affected than females (38.2%). 79.4% (27/34) of patients were solved with pathogenic mutations and 20.6% (7/34) remained unsolved. Of the solved ones, 22.2% (6/27) of patients carry a pathogenic allele on one allele while the other allele remained yet to be determined. Direct sequencing of exon 2 revealed two pathogenic variants (p.Gly61Glu, p.Glu229Lys). P.Gly61Glu substitution was found both homozygously in 63% (17/27) of cases, and heterozygously in one patient. P.Glu229Lys variant was found heterozygous in 3.7% (1/27) of cases. One pathogenic variant (p.Arg469Trp) was found in exon 3, and is present homozygously in 14.8% (4/27) of cases while four patients have this variant heterozygously. All mutations were reported previously in the Saudi population, except p.Glu229Lys. Severe cases were associated with p.Gly61Glu, and p.Arg469Trp in 50% and 30% of ten patients respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms that CYP1B1 mutations are the most frequent cause of PCG in the Saudi population, with p.Gly61Glu being the major disease-associated mutation. P.Glu229Lys is a newly discovered mutation in our PCG patients. Patient lacking mutation in CYP1B1 gene seems likely, to have another genetic loci involved in the pathogenesis of the disease, and need further study. Genetic studies of recessive diseases such as PCG is important in consanguineous populations, since it will increase awareness and allows genetic counseling to be offered to patients and their relatives. This will not only reduce the disease to be inherited to future generations, but will also reduce the disease burden in the community.

Dataset Information

CYP1B1-mediated Pathobiology of Primary Congenital Glaucoma.

Publications

CYP1B1-mediated Pathobiology of Primary Congenital Glaucoma.

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