Dataset Information

Longitudinal Course of Risk for Parental Postadoption Depression.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE:To determine whether the Postpartum Depression Predictors Inventory-Revised (PDPI-R) could be used to reveal distinct classes of adoptive parents across time. DESIGN:Longitudinal data were collected via online surveys at 4 to 6 weeks preplacement, 4 to 6 weeks postplacement, and 5 to 6 months postplacement. SETTING:Participants were primarily clients of the largest adoption agency in the United States. PARTICIPANTS:Participants included 127 adoptive parents (68 mothers and 59 fathers). METHODS:We applied a latent class growth analysis to the PDPI-R and conducted mixed effects modeling of class, time, and class × time interaction for the following categories of explanatory variables: parental expectations, interpersonal variables, psychological symptoms, and life orientation. RESULTS:Four latent trajectory classes were found. Class 1 (55% of sample) showed a stably low level of PDPI-R scores over time. Class 2 (32%) reported mean scores below the cut-off points at all three time points. Class 3 (8%) started with scores at an intermediate level that increased after postplacement but decreased at 5 to 6 months postplacement. Class 4 (5%) had high mean scores at all three time points. Significant main effects were found for almost all explanatory variables for class and for several variables for time. Significant interactions between class and time were found for expectations about the child and amounts of love and ambivalence in parent's intimate relationship. CONCLUSION:Findings may help nurses be alert to trajectories of risk for postadoption depression. Additional factors not included in the PDPI-R may be needed to determine risk for postadoption depression in adoptive parents.

SUBMITTER: Foli KJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4789094 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Mar-Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Longitudinal Course of Risk for Parental Postadoption Depression.

Foli Karen J KJ South Susan C SC Lim Eunjung E Hebdon Megan M

Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing : JOGNN 20160211 2

<h4>Objective</h4>To determine whether the Postpartum Depression Predictors Inventory-Revised (PDPI-R) could be used to reveal distinct classes of adoptive parents across time.<h4>Design</h4>Longitudinal data were collected via online surveys at 4 to 6 weeks preplacement, 4 to 6 weeks postplacement, and 5 to 6 months postplacement.<h4>Setting</h4>Participants were primarily clients of the largest adoption agency in the United States.<h4>Participants</h4>Participants included 127 adoptive parents ...[more]

PMID: 26874267

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Project description:Depression is known to be influenced by psychosocial stressors. For mothers with recurrent depressive illness, the presence of psychopathology in their children may have important effects on their own mental health. Although the impact of maternal depression on child mental health is well-established, no study to date, as far as we are aware, has examined the extent to which offspring psychopathology influences the course of depression in mothers with a history of recurrent depressive illness, what types of child psychopathology impact maternal mental health, or whether risks vary by child gender. Aims were to (a) Use a longitudinal design to examine whether adolescent psychopathology (depression, disruptive behavior disorder; DBD) predicts recurrence of a depressive episode and depression symptom course in women with a history of recurrent depression; and (b) To test if observed effects vary by child gender. 299 mothers with recurrent major depressive disorder and their adolescent offspring were assessed on 2 occasions, 29 months apart. Maternal depression and offspring psychopathology were assessed using semistructured interview measures. Cross-generational links across time were assessed using structural equation modeling. Analyses were adjusted for past severity of maternal depression. Offspring depression symptoms but not DBD symptoms at baseline predicted future episode recurrence in mothers. Depression symptoms in daughters (? = .16, p = .039) but not sons (? = -.07, p = .461), predicted an increase in maternal depression symptoms across time. Psychopathology in daughters is associated with long-term depressive symptoms in women (mothers) with a history of recurrent depression. Findings highlight the importance of careful assessment and management of mental health problems in adolescents for more effective management of maternal depression. This study suggests that offspring symptoms of depression may be important for the recurrence of maternal depression episodes. Girls' symptoms of depression may be a particularly important psychosocial stressor for the development of depressive symptoms in mothers with a history of recurrent depression.

Project description:ImportanceCombining information on polygenic risk scores (PRSs) with other known risk factors could potentially improve the identification of risk of depression in the general population. However, to our knowledge, no study has estimated the association of PRS with the absolute risk of depression, and few have examined combinations of the PRS and other important risk factors, including parental history of psychiatric disorders and socioeconomic status (SES), in the identification of depression risk.ObjectiveTo assess the individual and joint associations of PRS, parental history, and SES with relative and absolute risk of early-onset depression.Design, setting, and participantsThis case-cohort study included participants from the iPSYCH2012 sample, a case-cohort sample of all singletons born in Denmark between May 1, 1981, and December 31, 2005. Hazard ratios (HRs) and absolute risks were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression for case-cohort designs.ExposuresThe PRS for depression; SES measured using maternal educational level, maternal marital status, and paternal employment; and parental history of psychiatric disorders (major depression, bipolar disorder, other mood or psychotic disorders, and other psychiatric diagnoses).Main outcomes and measuresHospital-based diagnosis of depression from inpatient, outpatient, or emergency settings.ResultsParticipants included 17 098 patients with depression (11 748 [68.7%] female) and 18 582 (9429 [50.7%] male) individuals randomly selected from the base population. The PRS, parental history, and lower SES were all significantly associated with increased risk of depression, with HRs ranging from 1.32 (95% CI, 1.29-1.35) per 1-SD increase in PRS to 2.23 (95% CI, 1.81-2.64) for maternal history of mood or psychotic disorders. Fully adjusted models had similar effect sizes, suggesting that these risk factors do not confound one another. Absolute risk of depression by the age of 30 years differed substantially, depending on an individual's combination of risk factors, ranging from 1.0% (95% CI, 0.1%-2.0%) among men with high SES in the bottom 2% of the PRS distribution to 23.7% (95% CI, 16.6%-30.2%) among women in the top 2% of PRS distribution with a parental history of psychiatric disorders.Conclusions and relevanceThis study suggests that current PRSs for depression are not more likely to be associated with major depressive disorder than are other known risk factors; however, they may be useful for the identification of risk in conjunction with other risk factors.

Dataset Information

Longitudinal Course of Risk for Parental Postadoption Depression.

Publications

Longitudinal Course of Risk for Parental Postadoption Depression.

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