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Interactions between ethylene, gibberellins, and brassinosteroids in the development of rhizobial and mycorrhizal symbioses of pea.

ABSTRACT: The regulation of arbuscular mycorrhizal development and nodulation involves complex interactions between the plant and its microbial symbionts. In this study, we use the recently identified ethylene-insensitive ein2 mutant in pea (Pisum sativum L.) to explore the role of ethylene in the development of these symbioses. We show that ethylene acts as a strong negative regulator of nodulation, confirming reports in other legumes. Minor changes in gibberellin1 and indole-3-acetic acid levels in ein2 roots appear insufficient to explain the differences in nodulation. Double mutants produced by crosses between ein2 and the severely gibberellin-deficient na and brassinosteroid-deficient lk mutants showed increased nodule numbers and reduced nodule spacing compared with the na and lk single mutants, but nodule numbers and spacing were typical of ein2 plants, suggesting that the reduced number of nodules innaandlkplants is largely due to the elevated ethylene levels previously reported in these mutants. We show that ethylene can also negatively regulate mycorrhizae development when ethylene levels are elevated above basal levels, consistent with a role for ethylene in reducing symbiotic development under stressful conditions. In contrast to the hormone interactions in nodulation, ein2 does not override the effect of lk or na on the development of arbuscular mycorrhizae, suggesting that brassinosteroids and gibberellins influence this process largely independently of ethylene.

SUBMITTER: Foo E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4809293 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Interactions between ethylene, gibberellins, and brassinosteroids in the development of rhizobial and mycorrhizal symbioses of pea.

Foo Eloise E McAdam Erin L EL Weller James L JL Reid James B JB

Journal of experimental botany 20160217 8

The regulation of arbuscular mycorrhizal development and nodulation involves complex interactions between the plant and its microbial symbionts. In this study, we use the recently identified ethylene-insensitive ein2 mutant in pea (Pisum sativum L.) to explore the role of ethylene in the development of these symbioses. We show that ethylene acts as a strong negative regulator of nodulation, confirming reports in other legumes. Minor changes in gibberellin1 and indole-3-acetic acid levels in ein2 ...[more]

PMID: 26889005

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Project description:The proper transition between the skotomorphogenic and photomorphogenic developmental programs is key for seedling survival and it is therefore tightly regulated. Besides light, which is the major cue that triggers this transition, several hormone pathways participate in this control, mainly antagonizing the light effect. Two of these hormones are gibberellins (GA) and brassinosteroids (BR). Both hormones promote the skotomorphogenesis and prevent photomorphogenesis, as evidenced by the partially de-etiolated phenotype caused by GA or BR deficiency, or by a blockage in the respective signaling pathways. We have previously shown that BR mediate GA activity in the control of this transition. For instance, treatment of dark-grown, GA-deficient seedlings with BRs was able to partially restore morphological phenotypes such as hypocotyl growth, and importantly to restore completely the molecular phenotype of CAB2 and RbcS gene expression. On the contrary, GA-treatment did not alter the same phenotypes in the BR deficient det2 mutant. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate to what extent BRs mediate GA activity in dark-grown seedlings, and for that purpose we have the examined global changes in gene expression caused by treatment with GA and BRs in BR- and GA-deficient seedlings, respectively. We performed two sets of experiments, each one including three different samples. The first experiment included dark-grown, WT Col-0 mock-treated seedlings, or seedlings treated with either the GA biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol (PAC) or with PAC+epibrassinolide (EBR). In this experiment, PAC samples were labelled with Cy3 and compared to WT and PAC+EBR samples, which were labelled with Cy5. Two biological repeast were performed. The second experiment included dark-grown, WT Col-0 seedlings and the det2-1 mutant, which was either mock-treated or treated with GA3. Two biological replicates were performed, in the first one the WT and det2-1+GA3 were labelled with Cy3 and the det2-1 sample with Cy5. The reverse labelling was used in the second replicate.

Dataset Information

Interactions between ethylene, gibberellins, and brassinosteroids in the development of rhizobial and mycorrhizal symbioses of pea.

Publications

Interactions between ethylene, gibberellins, and brassinosteroids in the development of rhizobial and mycorrhizal symbioses of pea.

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