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A survey of scale insects in soil samples from Europe (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha).

ABSTRACT: In the last decades, several expeditions were organized in Europe by the researchers of the Hungarian Natural History Museum to collect snails, aquatic insects and soil animals (mites, springtails, nematodes, and earthworms). In this study, scale insect (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) specimens extracted from Hungarian Natural History Museum soil samples (2970 samples in total), all of which were collected using soil and litter sampling devices, and extracted by Berlese funnel, were examined. From these samples, 43 scale insect species (Acanthococcidae 4, Coccidae 2, Micrococcidae 1, Ortheziidae 7, Pseudococcidae 21, Putoidae 1 and Rhizoecidae 7) were found in 16 European countries. In addition, a new species belonging to the family Pseudococcidae, Brevennia larvalis Kaydan, sp. n. and a new species of Ortheziidae, Ortheziola editae Szita & Konczné Benedicty, sp. n. are described and illustrated based on the adult female stage. Revised keys to the adult females of Brevennia and Ortheziola are presented.

SUBMITTER: Kaydan MB

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4820095 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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An updated annotated checklist of scale insects (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccomorpha) of Poland.

Project description:A checklist of scale insects recorded to date in Poland is presented. The data provided here are based on literature records and include the latest taxonomic and nomenclatural changes and updates on Coccomorpha reported in Poland. Changes in comparison with ScaleNet and Fauna Europaea electronic databases are also discussed. A total of 185 species belonging to 98 genera and 16 families are included in the list. Of this group, 47 species are alien introduced species and live only indoors, and one species, Pulvinaria floccifera (Westwood), develops both indoors and outdoors.

| S-EPMC7082375 | biostudies-literature

Fungal Associates of Soft Scale Insects (Coccomorpha: Coccidae).

Project description:Ophiocordyceps fungi are commonly known as virulent, specialized entomopathogens; however, recent studies indicate that fungi belonging to the Ophiocordycypitaceae family may also reside in symbiotic interaction with their host insect. In this paper, we demonstrate that Ophiocordyceps fungi may be obligatory symbionts of sap-sucking hemipterans. We investigated the symbiotic systems of eight Polish species of scale insects of Coccidae family: Parthenolecanium corni, Parthenolecanium fletcheri, Parthenolecanium pomeranicum, Psilococcus ruber, Sphaerolecanium prunasti, Eriopeltis festucae, Lecanopsis formicarum and Eulecanium tiliae. Our histological, ultrastructural and molecular analyses showed that all these species host fungal symbionts in the fat body cells. Analyses of ITS2 and Beta-tubulin gene sequences, as well as fluorescence in situ hybridization, confirmed that they should all be classified to the genus Ophiocordyceps. The essential role of the fungal symbionts observed in the biology of the soft scale insects examined was confirmed by their transovarial transmission between generations. In this paper, the consecutive stages of fungal symbiont transmission were analyzed under TEM for the first time.

| S-EPMC8394295 | biostudies-literature

Bacterial associates of Orthezia urticae, Matsucoccus pini, and Steingelia gorodetskia - scale insects of archaeoccoid families Ortheziidae, Matsucoccidae, and Steingeliidae (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha).

Project description:The biological nature, ultrastructure, distribution, and mode of transmission between generations of the microorganisms associated with three species (Orthezia urticae, Matsucoccus pini, Steingelia gorodetskia) of primitive families (archaeococcoids = Orthezioidea) of scale insects were investigated by means of microscopic and molecular methods. In all the specimens of Orthezia urticae and Matsucoccus pini examined, bacteria Wolbachia were identified. In some examined specimens of O. urticae, apart from Wolbachia, bacteria Sodalis were detected. In Steingelia gorodetskia, the bacteria of the genus Sphingomonas were found. In contrast to most plant sap-sucking hemipterans, the bacterial associates of O. urticae, M. pini, and S. gorodetskia are not harbored in specialized bacteriocytes, but are dispersed in the cells of different organs. Ultrastructural observations have shown that bacteria Wolbachia in O. urticae and M. pini, Sodalis in O. urticae, and Sphingomonas in S. gorodetskia are transovarially transmitted from mother to progeny.

| S-EPMC6713686 | biostudies-literature

A key to the flat grass scale genus Nipponaclerda (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Aclerdidae).

Project description:The flat grass scale genus Nipponaclerda comprises four species, native to Central and East Asia. Nipponaclerdabiwakoensis has been introduced to the United States and is considered a serious pest of Phragmitesaustralis, the common reed. Heavy infestations of N.biwakoensis in coastal marshes of Louisiana have coincided with extensive die-off of reeds. In this article, dichotomous identification keys to the genera of Aclerdidae and to the species of Nipponaclerda are provided, allowing for accurate identification of species found in the native and invasive range.

| S-EPMC6635403 | biostudies-literature

The first mitochondrial genome of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea).

Project description:Here, we report the first mitochondrial genome of scale insects sequenced from Ceroplastes japonicus (Hemiptera: Coccidae). The genome has a circular genome of 14,979 bp in length, with a high A + T content of 85.15%. Twelve protein-coding genes (excluding atp8), 13 tRNA, and 2 rRNA genes were detected and annotated using the MITOS web server. The absence of atp8 and some tRNAs might indicate possible novel structures or loss of genes.

| S-EPMC7687528 | biostudies-literature

Discovery pattern and species number of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea).

Project description:Few investigations have been made of the species description trend of scale insects. The present study reports the discovery pattern and taxonomic efforts for this group based on global species and a literature dataset. In addition, three asymptotic models (Logistic, Gompertz, and Extreme Value) based on a discovery curve were used to predict the species number of scale insects. Our results showed that the species description rate has been changing over time, with certain peaks and valleys in the past 250 years. The mean number of species described per year was 30, with the highest number of 195 described species in 1985. The increasing number of authors and the almost constant proportion of species described by 10% most prolific authors since the 1900s suggested that taxonomic effort has been increasing over time. The Gompertz model with lowest AIC value suggested that there are about 10,450 species of scale insects on Earth, nearly 30% of which remain to be described. Our study offers insights into the discovery pattern of scale insect diversity.

| S-EPMC5047223 | biostudies-literature

A revision of Lachnodius Maskell (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Eriococcidae).

Project description:Lachnodius Maskell is a genus of three named species that are part of an Australian radiation of felt scale insects that induce galls on Eucalyptus and Corymbia (Myrtaceae). A female's gall usually consists of an open-top pit in swollen plant tissue. Depending on the species, galls can occur on a host's leaves, buds, stems, or trunk. Here, we redescribe the named species: L.eucalypti (Maskell), L.hirsutus (Froggatt) and L.lectularius (Maskell), and describe seven new species: L.brimblecombei Beardsley, Gullan & Hardy, sp. n., L.froggatti Beardsley, Gullan & Hardy, sp. n., L.maculosus Beardsley, Gullan & Hardy, sp. n., L.melliodorae Beardsley, Gullan & Hardy, sp. n., L.newi Beardsley, Gullan & Hardy, sp. n., L.parathrix Beardsley, Gullan & Hardy, sp. n., L.sealakeensis Gullan & Hardy, sp. n. Descriptions are based primarily on adult females, but for some species short diagnoses of nymphal stages also are provided. The taxonomic history of Lachnodius is reviewed, with notes on their biology and ecology. A key to species based on the morphology of adult females is provided, and lectotypes are designated for Dactylopiuseucalypti Maskell and Lachnodiuslectularius Maskell.

| S-EPMC6349806 | biostudies-literature

Five new species of the armored scale genus Andaspis MacGillivray (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Diaspididae) from New Caledonia.

Project description:New Caledonia is home to many endemic species of plants and animals. Here, we improve our grasp on that biota by describing five new species of armored scale insects in the genus Andaspis: Andaspis brevicornutasp. n, A. conicasp. n., A. nothofagisp. n., A. novaecaledoniaesp. n., and A. ornatasp. n. Each is known exclusively from collections on southern beeches (Nothofagus spp.) in New Caledonia. A key to the species of Andaspis of New Caledonia is provided.

| S-EPMC5672737 | biostudies-literature

Doubling the known endemic species diversity of New Caledonian armored scale insects (Hemiptera, Diaspididae).

Project description:Fourteen species of armored scale insects are known only from New Caledonia. Here, the adult female of fourteen more are described: Agrophaspisansevatae sp. n., Aonidiamontikoghis sp. n. , Aonidiapauca sp. n., Fernaldannawhita sp. n., Furcaspiscostulariae sp. n., Greeniellacasuarinae sp. n., Greenielladacrydiae sp. n., Lepidosaphesmonticola sp. n., Leptaspispege gen. et sp. n., Leucaspismontikoghis sp. n., Melanaspisnothofagi sp. n., Neomorganianothofagi sp. n., Pseudaonidiadugdali sp. n., and Pseudaonidiayateensis sp. n. We note that the diversity of New Caledonian armored scale insects appears to have resulted more from trans-oceanic dispersal than in situ speciation.

| S-EPMC6160803 | biostudies-other

Redescription of the red-striped soft scale, Pulvinaria tenuivalvata (Newstead), with a new synonymy (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Coccidae).

Project description:The soft scale, Pulvinaria tenuivalvata (Newstead, 1911), is a major pest of sugarcane in Egypt. This paper provides a redescription and illustration of the adult female based on a microscopic study of the morphology of several adult female specimens and of the type series illustrated by De Lotto (1965) on citronella grass from Uganda. Two paratypes of Pulvinaria saccharia De Lotto, 1964 are also studied and the name is placed here as a junior synonym of Pulvinaria tenuivalvata.

| S-EPMC5345351 | biostudies-literature

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