Dataset Information

Rhinovirus Detection in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Children: Value of Host Transcriptome Analysis.

ABSTRACT: Rhinoviruses (RVs) are a major cause of symptomatic respiratory tract infection in all age groups. However, RVs can frequently be detected in asymptomatic individuals.To evaluate the ability of host transcriptional profiling to differentiate between symptomatic RV infection and incidental detection in children.Previously healthy children younger than 2 years old (n?=?151) were enrolled at four study sites and classified into four clinical groups: RV- healthy control subjects (n?=?37), RV+ asymptomatic subjects (n?=?14), RV+ outpatients (n?=?30), and RV+ inpatients (n?=?70). Host responses were analyzed using whole-blood RNA transcriptional profiles.RV infection induced a robust transcriptional signature, which was validated in three independent cohorts and by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction with high prediction accuracy. The immune profile of symptomatic RV infection was characterized by overexpression of innate immunity and underexpression of adaptive immunity genes, whereas negligible changes were observed in asymptomatic RV+ subjects. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering identified two main clusters of subjects. The first included 93% of healthy control subjects and 100% of asymptomatic RV+ subjects, and the second comprised 98% of RV+ inpatients and 88% of RV+ outpatients. Genomic scores of healthy control subjects and asymptomatic RV+ children were similar and significantly lower than those of RV+ inpatients and outpatients (P?

SUBMITTER: Heinonen S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4824929 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Rhinovirus Detection in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Children: Value of Host Transcriptome Analysis.

Heinonen Santtu S Jartti Tuomas T Garcia Carla C Oliva Silvia S Smitherman Cynthia C Anguiano Esperanza E de Steenhuijsen Piters Wouter A A WA Vuorinen Tytti T Ruuskanen Olli O Dimo Blerta B Suarez Nicolas M NM Pascual Virginia V Ramilo Octavio O Mejias Asuncion A

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 20160401 7

<h4>Rationale</h4>Rhinoviruses (RVs) are a major cause of symptomatic respiratory tract infection in all age groups. However, RVs can frequently be detected in asymptomatic individuals.<h4>Objectives</h4>To evaluate the ability of host transcriptional profiling to differentiate between symptomatic RV infection and incidental detection in children.<h4>Methods</h4>Previously healthy children younger than 2 years old (n = 151) were enrolled at four study sites and classified into four clinical grou ...[more]

PMID: 26571305

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Project description:BackgroundKnowledge of the foci of Plasmodium species infections is critical for a country with an elimination agenda. Namibia is targeting malaria elimination by 2020. To support decision making regarding targeted intervention, we examined for the first time, the foci of Plasmodium species infections and regional prevalence in northern Namibia, using nested and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods.MethodsWe used cross-sectional multi-staged sampling to select 952 children below 9 years old from schools and clinics in seven districts in northern Namibia, to assess the presence of Plasmodium species.ResultsThe median participant age was 6 years (25-75%ile 4-8 y). Participants had a median hemoglobin of 12.0 g/dL (25-75%ile 11.1-12.7 g/dL), although 21% of the cohort was anemic, with anemia being severer in the younger population (p<0.002). Most of children with Plasmodium infection were asymptomatic (63.4%), presenting a challenge for elimination. The respective parasite prevalence for Plasmodium falciparum (Pf), Plasmodium vivax (Pv) and Plasmodium ovale curtisi (Po) were (4.41%, 0.84% and 0.31%); with Kavango East and West (10.4%, 6.19%) and Ohangwena (4.5%) having the most prevalence. Pv was localized in Ohangwena, Omusati and Oshana, while Po was found in Kavango. All children with Pv/Pf coinfections in Ohangwena, had previously visited Angola, affirming that perennial migrations are risks for importation of Plasmodium species. The mean hemoglobin was lower in those with Plasmodium infection compared to those without (0.96 g/dL less, 95%CI 0.40-1.52 g/dL less, p = 0.0009) indicating that quasi-endemicity exists in the low transmission setting.ConclusionsWe conclude that Pv and Po species are present in northern Namibia. Additionally, the higher number of asymptomatic infections present challenges to the efforts at elimination for the country. Careful planning, coordination with neighboring Angola and execution of targeted active intervention, will be required for a successful elimination agenda.

Dataset Information

Rhinovirus Detection in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Children: Value of Host Transcriptome Analysis.

Publications

Rhinovirus Detection in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Children: Value of Host Transcriptome Analysis.

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