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Prenatal and postnatal stress and wheeze in Mexican children: Sex-specific differences.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Increasing evidence links early-life exposure to psychosocial stress with adverse childhood respiratory outcomes. The influence of exposure timing has not been completely elucidated. OBJECTIVE:To examine the association between prenatal and postnatal maternal stress and wheeze in 417 children enrolled in a prospective birth cohort in Mexico City. METHODS:Maternal negative life event (NLE) scores were ascertained in the second or third trimester of pregnancy and at the 48-month postnatal visit. Children's respiratory outcomes, caregiver report of ever wheeze, and wheeze in the past 12 months were obtained from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood survey administered at 48 months. Associations between prenatal and postnatal NLE scores and wheeze were analyzed using a modified Poisson regression approach adjusting for covariates. RESULTS:In separate models, higher maternal psychosocial stress during pregnancy (relative risk [RR], 1.12; 95% CI, 1.00-1.26) and postnatally (RR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.08-1.35) were associated with increased risk of wheeze in the past 12 months with an evident exposure-response relationship. There was a significant interaction between postnatal stress and sex in relation to current wheeze. In a sex-stratified model, the association between postnatal stress and risk of wheeze in the past 12 months was stronger in girls (RR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.13-1.61) than in boys (RR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.97-1.27) (P for interaction = .04). CONCLUSION:Prenatal and postnatal stress in mothers was associated with wheeze in preschool-aged children, and the effect of postnatal stress was stronger in girls. Understanding the temporal- and sex-specific effects of stress may better inform prevention strategies.

SUBMITTER: Rosa MJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4826313 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Prenatal and postnatal stress and wheeze in Mexican children: Sex-specific differences.

Rosa Maria José MJ Just Allan C AC Tamayo Y Ortiz Marcela M Schnaas Lourdes L Svensson Katherine K Wright Robert O RO Téllez Rojo Martha María MM Wright Rosalind J RJ

Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology 20160125 4

<h4>Background</h4>Increasing evidence links early-life exposure to psychosocial stress with adverse childhood respiratory outcomes. The influence of exposure timing has not been completely elucidated.<h4>Objective</h4>To examine the association between prenatal and postnatal maternal stress and wheeze in 417 children enrolled in a prospective birth cohort in Mexico City.<h4>Methods</h4>Maternal negative life event (NLE) scores were ascertained in the second or third trimester of pregnancy and a ...[more]

PMID: 26822280

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Project description:Gestational exposures to estrogenic compounds, both endogenous hormones and exogenous endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), have long-term effects on reproductive physiology and behavior. We tested the hypothesis that prenatal treatment of rats with low doses of Aroclor 1221 (A1221), a weakly estrogenic polychlorinated biphenyl mix previously used in industry, or estradiol benzoate (EB), alters development of the hypothalamus in a sexually dimorphic manner and subsequently perturbs reproductive function. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were injected on embryonic days 16 and 18 with vehicle (dimethylsulfoxide), A1221 (1 mg/kg), or EB (50 ?g/kg). Developmental milestones were monitored, and on postnatal days 15, 30, 45, and 90, 1 male and 1 female per litter were euthanized. Because of their key roles in the mediation of steroid actions on reproductive function, the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) and the arcuate nucleus (ARC) were punched for a low-density quantitative PCR array of 48 neuroendocrine genes and analysis of DNA methylation of a subset of genes. Gestational exposure to A1221 or EB delayed the timing of puberty in males and disrupted estrous cyclicity in females. In the AVPV, 28 genes were affected by treatment in a developmental stage-specific manner, mostly in females, which exhibited a masculinized expression profile. This included 2 clock genes, Per2 and Arntl, implicating circadian circuits as being vulnerable to endocrine disruption. DNA methylation analysis of 2 genes, Per2 and Ar, showed no effect of EDCs and suggested alternative mechanisms for the altered mRNA levels. In the ARC, 12 genes were affected by treatment, mostly in males, again with dynamic developmental changes. Bionetwork analysis of relationships among genes, hormones, and physiological markers showed sexually dimorphic effects of estrogenic EDC exposures, with the female AVPV and the male ARC being most vulnerable, and provided novel relationships among hypothalamic genes and postnatal reproductive maturation.

Dataset Information

Prenatal and postnatal stress and wheeze in Mexican children: Sex-specific differences.

Publications

Prenatal and postnatal stress and wheeze in Mexican children: Sex-specific differences.

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