Dataset Information

High-risk older smokers' perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs about lung cancer screening.

ABSTRACT: The US Preventive Services Task Force recommends that smokers aged 55-80 should be screened annually with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT). This study identified demographics, smoking history, health risk perceptions, knowledge, and attitudes factors of older smokers (?55 years) related to LDCT agreement. Using binary logistic regression, a predictive model of factors to explain LDCT agreement was produced. This is a cross-sectional, national, online survey of 338 older smokers (?55 years) with a ?30 pack-year smoking history. Over 82% of the sample believed that a person who continues to smoke after the age of 40 has at least a 25% chance of developing lung cancer and 77.3% would "agree to a LDCT today". Using chi-square analyses, six variables that were significant at the 0.10 level were selected for inclusion in model development. Four of the independent variables made a unique statistically significant contribution to the model: perceives accuracy of the LDCT as an important factor in the decision to have a LDCT scan; believes that early detection of LC will result in a good prognosis; believes that they are at high risk for lung cancer; and is not afraid of CT scans. Of note, only 10.9% believed that a negative CT scan result would mean that they could continue to smoke. Older smokers are aware of the risks of smoking, are interested in smoking cessation, and most are interested in and positive about LDCT. Cognitive aspects of participation in screening are key to increasing the uptake of lung cancer screening among high-risk smokers.

SUBMITTER: Cataldo JK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4831294 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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High-risk older smokers' perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs about lung cancer screening.

Cataldo Janine K JK

Cancer medicine 20160128 4

The US Preventive Services Task Force recommends that smokers aged 55-80 should be screened annually with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT). This study identified demographics, smoking history, health risk perceptions, knowledge, and attitudes factors of older smokers (≥55 years) related to LDCT agreement. Using binary logistic regression, a predictive model of factors to explain LDCT agreement was produced. This is a cross-sectional, national, online survey of 338 older smokers (≥55 years) wi ...[more]

PMID: 26822940

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Project description:Background:Although risk-based selection of ever-smokers for screening could prevent more lung cancer deaths than screening according to the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) guidelines, it preferentially selects older ever-smokers with shorter life expectancies due to comorbidities. Objective:To compare selection of ever-smokers for screening based on gains in life expectancy versus lung cancer risk. Design:Cohort analyses and model-based projections. Setting:U.S. population of ever-smokers aged 40 to 84 years. Participants:130 964 National Health Interview Survey participants, representing about 60 million U.S. ever-smokers during 1997 to 2015. Intervention:Annual computed tomography (CT) screening for 3 years versus no screening. Measurements:Estimated number of lung cancer deaths averted and life-years gained after development of a mortality model. Results:Using the calibrated and validated mortality model in U.S. ever-smokers aged 40 to 84 years and selecting 8.3 million ever-smokers to match the number selected by the USPSTF criteria in 2013 to 2015, the analysis estimated that life-gained-based selection would increase the total life expectancy from CT screening (633 400 vs. 607 800 years) but prevent fewer lung cancer deaths (52 600 vs. 55 000) compared with risk-based selection. The 1.56 million persons selected by the life-gained-based strategy but not the risk-based strategy were younger (mean age, 59 vs. 75 years) and had fewer comorbidities (mean, 0.75 vs. 3.7). Limitation:Estimates are model-based and assume implementation of lung cancer screening with short-term effectiveness similar to that from trials. Conclusion:Life-gained-based selection could maximize the benefits of lung cancer screening in the U.S. population by including ever-smokers who have both high lung cancer risk and long life expectancy. Primary Funding Source:Intramural Research Program of the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health.

Dataset Information

High-risk older smokers' perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs about lung cancer screening.

Publications

High-risk older smokers' perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs about lung cancer screening.

Similar Datasets

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