Ammonia Induces Autophagy through Dopamine Receptor D3 and MTOR.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Li Z
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4831814 | biostudies-literature | 2016
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Ammonia Induces Autophagy through Dopamine Receptor D3 and MTOR.
Li Zhiyuan Z Ji Xinmiao X Wang Wenchao W Liu Juanjuan J Liang Xiaofei X Wu Hong H Liu Jing J Eggert Ulrike S US Liu Qingsong Q Zhang Xin X
PloS one 20160414 4
Hyperammonemia is frequently seen in tumor microenvironments as well as in liver diseases where it can lead to severe brain damage or death. Ammonia induces autophagy, a mechanism that tumor cells may use to protect themselves from external stresses. However, how cells sense ammonia has been unclear. Here we show that culture medium alone containing Glutamine can generate milimolar of ammonia at 37 degrees in the absence of cells. In addition, we reveal that ammonia acts through the G protein-co ...[more]
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