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The Yale Craving Scale: Development and psychometric properties.

ABSTRACT: The current study presents a psychometric evaluation of the Yale Craving Scale (YCS), a novel measure of craving for cigarettes and alcohol, respectively. The YCS is the first craving measure to use a generalized Labeled Magnitude Scale (gLMS) as the scoring format, which facilitates between-group comparisons of subjective craving and eliminates ceiling effects by assessing the full range of imaginable sensation intensities.Psychometric evaluations of the YCS for use with cigarettes (YCS Smoking) and alcohol (YCS Drinking) included assessments of latent factor structure, internal consistency, ceiling effects, and test-criterion relationships. Study samples included 493 treatment-seeking smokers and 213 heavy drinkers.Factor analyses of the 5-item YCS Smoking and Drinking scores confirmed a 1-factor scale. The YCS Smoking and Drinking scores evidenced: (1) good internal consistency, (2) scalar measurement invariance within several subgroups (e.g., smoking/drinking status; nicotine/alcohol dependence), (3) convergent relationships with extant craving measures, and (4) concurrent relationships with smoking/drinking outcomes.These results suggest that the YCS represents a psychometrically sound scale for assessing smoking and drinking urges in dependent populations.

SUBMITTER: Rojewski AM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4834029 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The Yale Craving Scale: Development and psychometric properties.

Rojewski Alana M AM Morean Meghan E ME Toll Benjamin A BA McKee Sherry A SA Krishnan-Sarin Suchitra S Green Barry G BG Bartoshuk Linda M LM O'Malley Stephanie S SS

Drug and alcohol dependence 20150706

<h4>Introduction</h4>The current study presents a psychometric evaluation of the Yale Craving Scale (YCS), a novel measure of craving for cigarettes and alcohol, respectively. The YCS is the first craving measure to use a generalized Labeled Magnitude Scale (gLMS) as the scoring format, which facilitates between-group comparisons of subjective craving and eliminates ceiling effects by assessing the full range of imaginable sensation intensities.<h4>Methods</h4>Psychometric evaluations of the YCS ...[more]

PMID: 26183404

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Project description:BackgroundThe Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS) is an instrument with good psychometric properties that is widely used to assess alcohol craving. Based on the assumption that the experience of craving is independent of substance type, the Polish version of the PACS was modified to measure drug craving, thus creating the Penn Drug Craving Scale (PDCS). The analyses presented in the paper aim to verify the hypothesis that the PDCS has a unidimensional structure, is highly reliable and features longitudinal measurement invariance.MethodsThe research was conducted in 14 inpatient and 13 outpatient randomly selected facilities that provide psychosocial therapy to people with substance use disorder (SUD) in Poland, during June 2018 -July 2019. The data used for the analyses came from 282 patients diagnosed on the basis of ICD-10 criteria (F11.2-F19.2). The paper presents analyses with the application of: [1] confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) conducted on the basis of a polychoric correlation matrix and the WLSMV estimator; [2] a reliability estimate using Cronbach's alpha and coefficient omega; [3] verification of longitudinal measurement invariance between the beginning and end of therapy; [4] evaluation of criterion validity; [5] normalisation of the raw scores.ResultsThe CFA results confirmed a unidimensional PDCS structure (RMSEA = 0.047, 95% CI: 0.000-0.103; CFI = 0.999; TLI = 0.999) and a high reliability of the scale (ω = 0.93). Moreover, a strict longitudinal measurement invariance of the instrument was confirmed.ConclusionsAccurate assessment of craving is possible only with valid and reliable instruments. Therefore, the psychometric properties of the PDCS were verified based on the latest statistical approaches. The scale is a valid and highly reliable tool featuring longitudinal measurement invariance and can be usefully used for research and clinical purposes. Thus, the Polish version of the PACS has been modified and successfully applied to the population of people with SUD.

Project description:Backgroundmaternal ambivalence, which refers to experiencing mixed emotions about motherhood, like happiness and sadness, is frequent during the perinatal period.AimDue to the relevance of this topic and the lack of psychometrically-sound instruments to measure it, this study aims to develop and test a measure of maternal ambivalence called the Maternal Ambivalence Scale (MAS).Methodsin this cross-sectional, observational study, participants were 1424 Spanish women recruited online who were either pregnant (33%) or recent mothers of children under 2 years (67%). They responded to the MAS and measures of anxiety and depressive symptoms and life satisfaction. Analyses included exploratory and confirmatory factor solutions for the MAS, internal consistency estimates (Cronbach's α) for all scales, as well as bivariate correlations to investigate sources of validity evidence. Comparisons between pregnant and postpartum women were also examined.ResultsThe assumptions for factor analysis about the relationship between items were met (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin's [KMO] test = 0.90; Barlett's Chi-square sphericity test = 5853.89, p < .001). A three-factor solution (Doubts, Rejection, and Suppression) for the MAS showed a good model fit both in exploratory (Chi-square = 274.6, p < .001, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation [RMSEA] = 0.059, RMSEA 90% Confidence Interval [CI]=[0.052, 0.066], Comparative Fit Index [CFI] = 0.985, Tucker Lewis Index [TLI] = 0.974) and confirmatory analyses (Chi-square = 428.0, p < .001, RMSEA = 0.062, RMSEA 90% CI=[0.056, 0.068], CFI = 0.977, TLI = 0.971). Doubts (α = 0.83), Rejection (α = 0.70), and Suppression (α = 80) were associated with higher anxiety and depressive symptoms, as well as lower life satisfaction (all p < .001). Pregnant women presented greater Rejection (mean difference = 0.30, p = .037, 95% CI=[0.02, 0.58]) and less Suppression (mean difference=-0.47, p = .002, 95% CI=[-0.77,-0.17]) than mothers.Conclusionwith this study, we provide clinicians and researchers with a novel tool that successfully captures the complex nature of maternal ambivalence. Given the associations of maternal ambivalence with important outcomes in perinatal women, this tool could be important for the prevention of distress associated with chronic ambivalence and to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions addressing ambivalence.

Project description:Objective Patients with tic disorders (TDs) usually also have obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). The severity of obsessive–compulsive symptoms (OCSs) in TD is widely evaluated using the Children’s Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS). However, there is no survey on the severity of OCSs in patients with TD based on a Chinese sample, and the reliability and validity of the CY-BOCS in patients with TD have not been well established in China. This study examined the severity of OCSs in TDs and the psychometric properties of the CY-BOCS in Chinese pediatric patients with TD. Methods A total of 367 patients who were diagnosed with TD [152 with Tourette syndrome (TS)] were enrolled in the Department of Psychiatry at Beijing Children’s Hospital in China. The mean age of the patients was 9.21 ± 2.06 years (range: 5–16 years). The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) and CY-BOCS were used as screening tools. The psychometric properties of the CY-BOCS were assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, test-retest reliability, and construct validity. Results The OCSs in TDs were 3.93 ± 5.15 based on the CY-BOCS in the whole sample. The older adolescent group showed higher scores than the young adolescent groups (Z = −3.37, p = 0.001). However, the young adolescent group showed a higher incidence rate of OCSs than the older adolescent group (p < 0.01). Men with TDs also showed a higher incidence rate of OCSs than women (p = 0.03). The reliability and validity analyses of the CY-BOCS showed Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest reliability values of 0.81 and 0.82, respectively. The CY-BOCS showed an acceptable level in the two-factor structure (obsession and compulsive) in patients with TD. The comparative fit index (CFI) was 0.84 for TD, 0.86 for Tourette, 0.94 for the younger adolescent group, and 0.74 for the older adolescent group. Conclusion More OCSs were identified in the TS group and the older adolescent group with TDs. The CY-BOCS showed good psychometric properties in children and adolescents with TD, especially in younger patients with TD. OCSs might be associated with age and functional impairment of TD.

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The Yale Craving Scale: Development and psychometric properties.

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The Yale Craving Scale: Development and psychometric properties.

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