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Breast milk-acquired cytomegalovirus infection and disease in VLBW and premature infants.

ABSTRACT: Very low birth weight (VLBW) and premature infants are at risk for developing postnatal cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease, including CMV-related sepsis-like syndrome (CMV-SLS) for which estimates [corrected] in the United States are lacking.We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the pooled proportions (and 95% confidence intervals) of VLBW and premature infants born to CMV-seropositive women with breast milk-acquired CMV infection and CMV-SLS. We combined these proportions with population-based rates of CMV seropositivity, breast milk feeding, VLBW, and prematurity to estimate annual rates of breast milk-acquired CMV infection and CMV-SLS in the United States.In our meta-analysis, among 299 infants fed untreated breast milk, we estimated 19% (11%-32%) acquired CMV infection and 4% (2%-7%) developed CMV-SLS. Assuming these proportions, we estimated a rate of breast milk-acquired CMV infection among VLBW and premature infants in the United States of 6.5% (3.7%-10.9%) and 1.4% (0.7%-2.4%) of CMV-SLS, corresponding to 600 infants with CMV-SLS in 2008. Among 212 infants fed frozen breast milk, our meta-analysis proportions were 13% (7%-24%) for infection and 5% (2%-12%) for CMV-SLS, yielding slightly lower rates of breast milk-acquired CMV infection (4.4%; 2.4%-8.2%) but similar rates of CMV-SLS (1.7%; 0.7%-4.1%).Breast milk-acquired CMV infection presenting with CMV-SLS is relatively rare. Prospective studies to better define the burden of disease are needed to refine guidelines for feeding breast milk from CMV-seropositive mothers to VLBW and premature infants.

SUBMITTER: Lanzieri TM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4850548 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Breast milk-acquired cytomegalovirus infection and disease in VLBW and premature infants.

Lanzieri Tatiana M TM Dollard Sheila C SC Josephson Cassandra D CD Schmid D Scott DS Bialek Stephanie R SR

Pediatrics 20130527 6

<h4>Background</h4>Very low birth weight (VLBW) and premature infants are at risk for developing postnatal cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease, including CMV-related sepsis-like syndrome (CMV-SLS) for which estimates [corrected] in the United States are lacking.<h4>Methods</h4>We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the pooled proportions (and 95% confidence intervals) of VLBW and premature infants born to CMV-seropositive women with breast milk-acquired CMV infection and CMV-SL ...[more]

PMID: 23713111

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Project description:BackgroundThe aim of the study was to determine the rate of cytomegalovirus virolactia in the human milk (HM) of mothers of VLBW infants, compare the CMV infection rates and the changes in CMV DNA viral load and nutrient profile among different HM preparation methods.MethodsA prospective randomized controlled study was performed in infants with gestational age < 32 weeks or birth-weight < 1500 g admitted to neonatal intensive care unit of Asan Medical Center and Haeundae Paik Hospital who were given mother's own milk. Enrolled infants were randomized into three groups according to the HM preparation methods: freezing-thawing (FT), FT + low-temperature Holder pasteurization (FT + LP), and FT + high-temperature short-term pasteurization (FT + HP). Urine CMV culture and PCR were obtained at birth and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. HM CMV culture and PCR were obtained at birth and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks. Changes in macronutrients in HM was obtained at 4 ~ 6 weeks.ResultsOf 564 infants, 217 mothers (38.5%) produced CMV PCR positive milk. After exclusion, a total of 125 infants were randomized into the FT (n = 41), FT + LP (n = 42), and FT + HP (n = 42) groups, whose rate of HM-acquired CMV infection was 4.9% (n = 2), 9.5% (n = 4), and 2.4% (n = 1), respectively. Out of seven CMV infected infants, two infants fed with FT + LP HM developed CMV infection- associated symptoms. Ages at diagnoses were earlier (28.5 days after birth) and at younger post conceptional age (< 32 weeks) in comparison to infants with asymptomatic CMV infection. CMV DNA viral load significantly decreased after pasturizations, especially in FT + HP group.ConclusionsHM-acquired symptomatic CMV infection rate is low and its impact on clinical course was not serious in our VLBW infants. However, evidences showing poor neurodevelopmental outcome in later life, we need to generate a guideline to protect VLBW infant form HM transmitted CMV infection. Based on our small sized study, we did not find any superiority in pasteurizing HM with frequently used LP in comparison to frozen or HP HM. More research is needed to determine the method and duration of pasteurization to reduce the HM-acquired CMV infection.

Project description:For nasal application of neurotrophins and mesenchymal stem cells, successful delivery to the brain and therapeutic effects are known from experimental data in animals. Human breast milk contains neurotrophins and stem cells, but gavage tube feeding in preterm infants bypasses the naso-oropharynx. This is a first exploration on additional nasal breast milk and neuromorphological outcome after severe neonatal brain injury. We present a retrospective summary of 31 very low birth weight preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhage °3/4 from one third-level neonatal center. All were breast milk fed. Sixteen infants additionally received nasal drops of fresh breast milk daily with informed parental consent for at least 28 days. Cerebral ultrasound courses were reviewed by a pediatric radiologist blinded to the intervention. The main outcome measure was severity of porencephalic defects before discharge. Clinical covariates were comparable in both groups. With nasal breast milk, a trend to a lower incidence for severe porencephalic defects (21% vs. 58%) was detected. Incidences were lower for progressive ventricular dilatation (71% vs. 91%) and surgery for posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (50% vs. 67%).Conclusion: The hypothesis is generated that early intranasal application of breast milk could have a beneficial effect on neurodevelopment in preterm infants. Controlled investigation is needed. What is Known: • Successful delivery to the brain and therapeutic effects are known for nasal application of neurotrophins and mesenchymal stem cells from experimental data in animal studies. • Human breast milk contains neurotrophins and stem cells, but gavage tube feeding in preterm infants bypasses the naso-oropharynx. What is New: • This is the first report on additional nasal breast milk application in very low birth weight preterm infants with severe brain injury observing a trend for less severe porencephalic defects. • The hypothesis is generated that nasal breast milk might exert neuroprotective effects in preterm infants.

Dataset Information

Breast milk-acquired cytomegalovirus infection and disease in VLBW and premature infants.

Publications

Breast milk-acquired cytomegalovirus infection and disease in VLBW and premature infants.

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