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Boron nitride nanotubes and nanoplatelets as reinforcing agents of polymeric matrices for bone tissue engineering.

ABSTRACT: This study investigates the mechanical properties and in vitro cytotoxicity of one- and two-dimensional boron nitride nanomaterials-reinforced biodegradable polymeric nanocomposites. Poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) nanocomposites were fabricated using crosslinking agent N-vinyl pyrrolidone and inorganic nanomaterials: boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) and boron nitride nanoplatelets (BNNPs) dispersed at 0.2 wt % in the polymeric matrix. The incorporation of BNNPs and BNNTs resulted in a ?38 and ?15% increase in compressive (Young's) modulus, and ?31 and ?6% increase in compressive yield strength compared to PPF control, respectively. The nanocomposites showed a time-dependent increased protein adsorption for collagen I protein. The cytotoxicity evaluation of aqueous BNNT and BNNP dispersions (at 1-100 ?g/mL concentrations) using murine MC3T3 preosteoblast cells showed ?73-99% viability. The cytotoxicity evaluation of media extracts of nanocomposites before crosslinking, after crosslinking, and upon degradation (using 1×-100× dilutions) showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity responses. Crosslinked nanocomposites showed excellent (?79-100%) cell viability, cellular attachment (?57-67%), and spreading similar to cells grown on the surface of tissue culture polystyrene control. The media extracts of degradation products showed a dose-dependent cytotoxicity. The favorable cytocompatibility results in combination with improved mechanical properties of BNNT and BNNP nanocomposites opens new avenues for further in vitro and in vivo safety and efficacy studies towards bone tissue engineering applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 406-419, 2017.

SUBMITTER: Farshid B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4854812 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Boron nitride nanotubes and nanoplatelets as reinforcing agents of polymeric matrices for bone tissue engineering.

Farshid Behzad B Lalwani Gaurav G Shir Mohammadi Meisam M Simonsen John J Sitharaman Balaji B

Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials 20151103 2

This study investigates the mechanical properties and in vitro cytotoxicity of one- and two-dimensional boron nitride nanomaterials-reinforced biodegradable polymeric nanocomposites. Poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) nanocomposites were fabricated using crosslinking agent N-vinyl pyrrolidone and inorganic nanomaterials: boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) and boron nitride nanoplatelets (BNNPs) dispersed at 0.2 wt % in the polymeric matrix. The incorporation of BNNPs and BNNTs resulted in a ∼38 and ∼15 ...[more]

PMID: 26526153

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Project description:Boron nitride (BN) nanomaterials have been increasingly explored for potential applications in chemistry and biology fields (e.g., biomedical, pharmaceutical, and energy industries) due to their unique physico-chemical properties. However, their safe utilization requires a profound knowledge on their potential toxicological and environmental impact. To date, BN nanoparticles have been considered to have a high biocompatibility degree, but in some cases, contradictory results on their potential toxicity have been reported. Therefore, in the present study, we assessed two commercial 2D BN samples, namely BN-nanopowder (BN-PW) and BN-nanoplatelet (BN-PL), with the objective to identify whether distinct physico-chemical features may have an influence on the biological responses of exposed cellular models. Morphological, structural, and composition analyses showed that the most remarkable difference between both commercial samples was the diameter of their disk-like shape, which was of 200-300 nm for BN-PL and 100-150 nm for BN-PW. Their potential toxicity was investigated using adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549 cells) and the unicellular fungus Saccharomycescerevisiae, as human and environmental eukaryotic models respectively, employing in vitro assays. In both cases, cellular viability assays and reactive oxygen species (ROS) determinations where performed. The impact of the selected nanomaterials in the viability of both unicellular models was very low, with only a slight reduction of S. cerevisiae colony forming units being observed after a long exposure period (24 h) to high concentrations (800 mg/L) of both nanomaterials. Similarly, BN-PW and BN-PL showed a low capacity to induce the formation of reactive oxygen species in the studied conditions. Even at the highest concentration and exposure times, no major cytotoxicity indicators were observed in human cells and yeast. The results obtained in the present study provide novel insights into the safety of 2D BN nanomaterials, indicating no significant differences in the toxicological potential of similar commercial products with a distinct lateral size, which showed to be safe products in the concentrations and exposure conditions tested.

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Boron nitride nanotubes and nanoplatelets as reinforcing agents of polymeric matrices for bone tissue engineering.

Publications

Boron nitride nanotubes and nanoplatelets as reinforcing agents of polymeric matrices for bone tissue engineering.

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