Dataset Information

Influence of periparturient and postpartum diets on rumen methanogen communities in three breeds of primiparous dairy cows.

ABSTRACT: Enteric methane from rumen methanogens is responsible for 25.9 % of total methane emissions in the United States. Rumen methanogens also contribute to decreased animal feed efficiency. For methane mitigation strategies to be successful, it is important to establish which factors influence the rumen methanogen community and rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA). In the present study, we used next-generation sequencing to determine if dairy breed and/or days in milk (DIM) (high-fiber periparturient versus high-starch postpartum diets) affect the rumen environment and methanogen community of primiparous Holstein, Jersey, and Holstein-Jersey crossbreeds.When the 16S rRNA gene sequences were processed and assigned to operational taxonomic units (OTU), a core methanogen community was identified, consisting of Methanobrevibacter (Mbr.) smithii, Mbr. thaueri, Mbr. ruminantium, and Mbr. millerae. The 16S rRNA gene sequence reads clustered at 3 DIM, but not by breed. At 3 DIM, the mean % abundance of Mbr. thaueri was lower in Jerseys (26.9 %) and higher in Holsteins (30.7 %) and Holstein-Jersey crossbreeds (30.3 %) (P < 0.001). The molar concentrations of total VFA were higher at 3 DIM than at 93, 183, and 273 DIM, whereas the molar proportions of propionate were increased at 3 and 93 DIM, relative to 183 and 273 DIM. Rumen methanogen densities, distributions of the Mbr. species, and VFA molar proportions did not differ by breed.The data from the present study suggest that a core methanogen community is present among dairy breeds, through out a lactation. Furthermore, the methanogen communities were more influenced by DIM and the breed by DIM interactions than breed differences.

SUBMITTER: Cersosimo LM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4855434 | biostudies-literature | 2016 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Influence of periparturient and postpartum diets on rumen methanogen communities in three breeds of primiparous dairy cows.

Cersosimo Laura M LM Bainbridge Melissa L ML Kraft Jana J Wright André-Denis G AD

BMC microbiology 20160504

<h4>Background</h4>Enteric methane from rumen methanogens is responsible for 25.9 % of total methane emissions in the United States. Rumen methanogens also contribute to decreased animal feed efficiency. For methane mitigation strategies to be successful, it is important to establish which factors influence the rumen methanogen community and rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA). In the present study, we used next-generation sequencing to determine if dairy breed and/or days in milk (DIM) (high-fiber ...[more]

PMID: 27141986

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Project description:To investigate the difference between rumen-protected niacin (RPN) and rumen-protected nicotinamide (RPM) in the transcriptome of genes relating to the lipid metabolism of the liver of periparturient dairy cows, 10 healthy Chinese Holstein cows were randomly divided into two groups and fed diets supplemented with 18.4 g/d RPN or 18.7 g/d RPM, respectively. The experiment lasted from 14 days before to 21 days after parturition. Liver biopsies were taken 21 days postpartum for transcriptomic sequencing. In addition, human LO2 cells were cultured in a medium containing 1.6 mmol/L of non-esterified fatty acids and 1 mmol/L niacin (NA) or 2 mmol/L nicotinamide (NAM) to verify the expression of the 10 genes selected from the transcriptomic analysis of the liver biopsies. The expression of a total of 9837 genes was detected in the liver biopsies, among which 1210 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, with 579 upregulated and 631 downregulated genes. These DEGs were associated mainly with lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and some inflammatory pathways. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that 355 DEGs were enriched in 38 GO terms. The differences in the expression of these DEGs between RPN and RPM were predominantly related to the processes of steroid catabolism, steroid hydroxylase, monooxygenase activity, oxidoreductase activity, hemoglobin binding, and ferric iron binding, which are involved mainly in lipid anabolism and redox processes. The expressions of FADS2, SLC27A6, ARHGAP24, and THRSP in LO2 cells were significantly higher (p < 0.05) while the expressions of BCO2, MARS1, GARS1, S100A12, AGMO, and OSBPL11 were significantly lower (p < 0.05) on the NA treatment compared to the NAM treatment, indicating that NA played a role in liver metabolism by directly regulating fatty acid anabolism and transport, inflammatory factor expression, and oxidative stress; and NAM functioned more as a precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD, coenzyme I) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP, coenzyme II) to participate indirectly in biological processes such as ether lipid metabolism, cholesterol metabolism, energy metabolism, and other processes.

Project description:The primary product of rumen fermentation is acetic acid, and its sodium salt is an excellent energy source for post-partum cows to manage negative energy balance (NEB). However, it is unknown how adding sodium acetate (NAc) may affect the rumen bacterial population of post-partum cows. Using the identical nutritional total mixed ration (TMR), this research sought to characterize the impact of NAc supplementation on rumen fermentation and the composition of bacterial communities in post-partum cows. After calving, 24 cows were randomly assigned to two groups of 12 cows each: a control group (CON) and a NAc group (ACE). All cows were fed the same basal TMR with 468 g/d NaCl added to the TMR for the CON group and 656 g/d NAc added to the TMR for the ACE group for 21 days after calving. Ruminal fluid was collected before morning feeding on the last day of the feeding period and analyzed for rumen bacterial community composition by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Under the identical TMR diet conditions, NAc supplementation did not change rumen pH but increased ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) levels and microbial crude protein (MCP) concentrations. The administration of NAc to the feed upregulated rumen concentrations of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), acetic, propionic, isovaleric and isobutyric acids without affecting the molar ratio of VFAs. In the two experimental groups, the Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, Patescibacteria and Proteobacteria were the dominant rumen phylum, and Prevotella was the dominant rumen genus. The administration of NAc had no significant influence on the α-diversity of the rumen bacterial community but upregulated the relative abundance of Prevotella and downregulated the relative abundance of RF39 and Clostridia_UCG_014. In conclusion, the NAc supplementation in the post-peripartum period altered rumen flora structure and thus improved rumen fermentation in dairy cows. Our findings provide a reference for the addition of sodium acetate to alleviate NEB in cows during the late perinatal period.

Project description:BackgroundOverfeeding of high-concentrate diet (HC) frequently leads to subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) in modern dairy cows' production. Thiamine supplementation has been confirmed to attenuate HC induced SARA by increasing ruminal pH and ratio of acetate to propionate, and decreasing rumen lactate, biogenic amines and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The effects of thiamine supplementation in HC on rumen bacteria and fungi profile had been detected in our previous studies, however, effects of thiamine supplementation in HC on rumen non-methanogen archaea is still unclear. The objective of the present study was therefore to investigate the effects of thiamine supplementation on ruminal archaea, especially non-methanogens in HC induced SARA cows.ResultsHC feeding significantly decreased dry matter intake, milk production, milk fat content, ruminal pH and the concentrations of thiamine and acetate in rumen fluid compared with control diet (CON) (P < 0.05), while the concentrations of propionate and ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) were significantly increased compared with CON (P < 0.05). These changes caused by HC were inversed by thiamine supplementation (P < 0.05). The taxonomy results showed that ruminal archaea ranged from 0.37 to 0.47% of the whole microbiota. Four characterized phyla, a number of Candidatus archaea and almost 660 species were identified in the present study. In which Euryarchaeota occupied the largest proportion of the whole archaea. Furthermore, thiamine supplementation treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of non-methanogens compared with CON and HC treatments. Thaumarchaeota was increased in HC compared with CON. Thiamine supplementation significantly increased Crenarchaeota, Nanoarchaeota and the Candidatus phyla, however decreased Thaumarchaeota compared with HC treatment.ConclusionsHC feeding significantly decreased ruminal pH and increased the content of NH3-N which led to N loss and the increase of the relative abundance of Thaumarchaeota. Thiamine supplementation increased ruminal pH, improved the activity of ammonia utilizing bacteria, and decreased Thaumarchaeota abundance to reduce the ruminal NH3 content and finally reduced N loss. Overall, these findings contributed to the understanding of thiamine's function in dairy cows and provided new strategies to improve dairy cows' health under high-concentrate feeding regime.

Project description:BackgroundThe dairy cow's postpartum period is characterized by dramatic physiological changes, therefore imposing severe challenges on the animal for maintaining health and milk output. The dynamics of the ruminal microbiota are also tremendous and may play a crucial role in lactation launch. We aim to investigate the potential benefits of early microbial intervention by fresh rumen microbiota transplantation (RMT) and sterile RMT in postpartum dairy cows. Twelve fistulated peak-lactation dairy cows were selected to be the donors for rumen fluid collection. Thirty postpartum cows were divided into 3 groups as the transplantation receptors respectively receiving 10 L fresh rumen fluid (FR), 10 L sterile rumen fluid (SR), or 10 L saline (CON) during 3 d after calving.ResultsProduction performance, plasma indices, plasma lipidome, ruminal microbiome, and liver transcriptome were recorded. After fresh and sterile RMT, we found that the molar proportion of propionic acid was increased on d 7 in the FR and SR groups and the bacterial composition was also significantly changed when compared with the CON group. A similarity analysis showed that the similarities between the CON group and FR or SR group on d 7 were 48.40% or 47.85%, whereas the similarities between microbiota on d 7 and 21 in the FR and SR groups were 68.34% or 66.85%. Dry matter intake and feed efficiency were not affected by treatments. Plasma β-hydroxybutyrate concentration in the FR group was decreased and significantly different lipids mainly included phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine containing polyunsaturated fatty acids. Hepatic transcriptomics analysis indicated acute-phase response pathways were upregulated in the SR group.ConclusionsOur study suggests that RMT can shorten the transition process of the ruminal microbiota of postpartum dairy cows with no benefit on dry matter intake or feed efficiency. Inoculation with rumen fluid may not be a useful approach to promote the recovery of postpartum dairy cows.

Dataset Information

Influence of periparturient and postpartum diets on rumen methanogen communities in three breeds of primiparous dairy cows.

Publications

Influence of periparturient and postpartum diets on rumen methanogen communities in three breeds of primiparous dairy cows.

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