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Extraction and Separation of Active Ingredients in Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill and the Study of their Antifungal Effects.

ABSTRACT: Schisandra chinensis extracts (SEs) have traditionally been used as an oriental medicine for the treatment of various human diseases, however, their further application in the biocontrol of plant disease remains poorly understood. This study was conducted to develop eco-friendly botanical pesticides from extracts of S. chinensis and assess whether they could play a key role in plant disease defense. Concentrated active fractions (SE-I, SE-II, and SE-III) were obtained from S. chinensis via specific extraction and separation. Then, lignan-like substances, such as Schisanhenol B, were detected via High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-ElectroSpray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) analyses of the active fractions. Moreover, the results from biological tests on colony growth inhibition and spore germination indicated that SE-I, SE-II, and SE-III could inhibit hyphal growth and spore generation of three important plant pathogenic fungi (Monilinia fructicola, Fusarium oxysporum, and Botryosphaeria dothidea). The study of the mechanisms of resistant fungi revealed that the oxidation resistance system, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), was activated. The expression of genes related to defense, such as pathogenesis-related protein (PR4), ?-farnesene synthase (AFS), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) were shown to be up-regulated after treatment with SEs, which suggested an increase in apple immunity and that fruits were induced to effectively defend against the infection of pathogenic fungi (B. dothidea). This study revealed that SEs and their lignans represent promising resources for the development of safe, effective, and multi-targeted agents against pathogenic fungi.

SUBMITTER: Yi H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4859564 | biostudies-literature | 2016

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Extraction and Separation of Active Ingredients in Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill and the Study of their Antifungal Effects.

Yi Haijing H Chen Yan Y Liu Jun J Zhang Jie J Guo Wei W Xiao Weilie W Yao Yuncong Y

PloS one 20160506 5

Schisandra chinensis extracts (SEs) have traditionally been used as an oriental medicine for the treatment of various human diseases, however, their further application in the biocontrol of plant disease remains poorly understood. This study was conducted to develop eco-friendly botanical pesticides from extracts of S. chinensis and assess whether they could play a key role in plant disease defense. Concentrated active fractions (SE-I, SE-II, and SE-III) were obtained from S. chinensis via speci ...[more]

PMID: 27152614

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Project description:Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill (SC) and Lycium chinense Mill. (LC) are widely distributed in Asia, where the fruit has traditionally been used for medicinal herbs. We previously reported that the roasting process improved the antioxidant and their hangover relieving effects. In this study, we assessed the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of water extract of SC, LC, and a mass ratio 1 : 1 mixture (SL), after roasting in RAW264.7 macrophage cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Roasted SL (RSL) extracts showed greater enhancement potential than the others, based on the inhibition of NO (nitric oxide) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in RAW264.7 cells. RSL also significantly decreased the proinflammatory markers (e.g., iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-1β) and NAD(P)H oxidase (NOX) signaling proteins (i.e., NOX (-1, -2, and -4), p22phox, p47phox, and p67phox). The inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-1 beta levels, NF-kB, and mitogen-activated kinase activations were also significantly inhibited by RSL treatment. Based on the results of cellular levels, we compared the promotion effects of RSL extract on liver injury mediated by alcohol-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in mice. Mice were fed a Lieber-DeCarli regular liquid alcohol diet with or without SL and RSL extracts for six weeks. Alcohol intake caused liver injury, evidenced by an increase in serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities. Consistent with the results in cell levels, RSL treatment remarkably downregulated ROS and inflammatory factors, as well as their signaling molecules, in serum and tissues. These results suggest that the roasting of SC and LC could potentially elevate the inhibition effect on alcohol-induced inflammation and oxidative stress and consequently prevent alcoholic liver damage. Also, the combination of SC and LC may provide a more synergistic effect than either alone.

Project description:According to the potential anti-hepatoma therapeutic effect of Schisandra chinensis polysaccharides presented in previous studies, a bioactive constituent, homogeneous Schisandra chinensis polysaccharide-0-1 (SCP-0-1), molecular weight (MW) circa 69.980 kDa, was isolated and purified. We assessed the efficacy of SCP-0-1 against human hepatocellular liver carcinoma (HepG2) cells to investigate the effects of its antitumour activity and molecular mechanisms. Anticancer activity was evaluated using microscopy, 3-[4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, Hoechst 33258 staining, acridine orange (AO) staining, flow cytometry (FCM), and cell-cycle analysis. SCP-0-1 inhibited the HepG2 cells' growth via inducing apoptosis and second gap/mitosis (G2/M) arrest dose-dependently, with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 479.63 µg/mL. Western blotting of key proteins revealed the apoptotic and autophagic potential of SCP-0-1. Besides, SCP-0-1 upregulated Bcl-2 Associated X Protein (Bax) and downregulated B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) in the HepG2 cells. The expression of caspase-3, -8, and -9; poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP); cytochrome c (Cyt C); tumor protein 53 (p53); survivin; sequestosome 1 (p62); microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain-3B (LC3B); mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 (p38); extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK); c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK); protein kinase B (AKT); and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) were evaluated using Western blotting. Our findings demonstrate a novel mechanism through which SCP-0-1 exerts its antiproliferative activity and induces mitochondrial apoptosis rather than autophagy. The induction of mitochondrial apoptosis was attributed to the inhibition of the Hsp90/AKT signalling pathway in an extracellular signal-regulated kinase-independent manner. The results also provide initial evidence on a molecular basis that SCP-0-1 can be used as an anti-hepatocellular carcinoma therapeutic agent in the future.

Dataset Information

Extraction and Separation of Active Ingredients in Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill and the Study of their Antifungal Effects.

Publications

Extraction and Separation of Active Ingredients in Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill and the Study of their Antifungal Effects.

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