Dataset Information

Socioeconomic Differences in Dietary Patterns in an East African Country: Evidence from the Republic of Seychelles.

ABSTRACT:

Background

In high income countries, low socioeconomic status (SES) is related to unhealthier dietary patterns, while evidence on the social patterning of diet in low and middle income countries is scarce.

Objective

In this study, we assess dietary patterns in the general population of a middle income country in the African region, the Republic of Seychelles, and examine their distribution according to educational level and income.

Methods

Data was drawn from two independent national surveys conducted in the Seychelles among adults aged 25-64 years in 2004 (n = 1236) and 2013 (n = 1240). Dietary patterns were assessed by principal component analysis (PCA). Educational level and income were used as SES indicators. Data from both surveys were combined as no interaction was found between SES and year.

Results

Three dietary patterns were identified: "snacks and drinks", "fruit and vegetables" and "fish and rice". No significant associations were found between SES and the "snacks and drinks" pattern. Low vs. high SES individuals had lower adherence to the "fruit and vegetables" pattern [prevalence ratio (95% CI) 0.71 (0.60-0.83)] but a higher adherence to the traditional "fish and rice" pattern [1.58 (1.32-1.88)]. Income modified the association between education and the "fish and rice" pattern (p = 0.02), whereby low income individuals had a higher adherence to this pattern in both educational groups.

Conclusion

Low SES individuals have a lower consumption of fruit and vegetables, but a higher consumption of traditional foods like fish and rice. The Seychelles may be at a degenerative diseases stage of the nutrition transition.

SUBMITTER: Mayen AL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4877066 | biostudies-literature | 2016

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Socioeconomic Differences in Dietary Patterns in an East African Country: Evidence from the Republic of Seychelles.

Mayén Ana-Lucia AL Bovet Pascal P Marti-Soler Helena H Viswanathan Bharathi B Gedeon Jude J Paccaud Fred F Marques-Vidal Pedro P Stringhini Silvia S

PloS one 20160523 5

<h4>Background</h4>In high income countries, low socioeconomic status (SES) is related to unhealthier dietary patterns, while evidence on the social patterning of diet in low and middle income countries is scarce.<h4>Objective</h4>In this study, we assess dietary patterns in the general population of a middle income country in the African region, the Republic of Seychelles, and examine their distribution according to educational level and income.<h4>Methods</h4>Data was drawn from two independen ...[more]

PMID: 27214139

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Project description:Although 'unhealthy' diet is a well-known risk factor for non-communicable diseases, its relationship with socio-economic status (SES) has not been fully investigated. Moreover, the available research has largely been conducted in countries at high levels of human development. This is the first study to examine relationships among dietary patterns and SES of children from countries spanning a wide range of human development.This was a multinational cross-sectional study among 9-11 year-old children (n = 6808) from urban/peri-urban sites across 12 countries. Self-reported food frequency questionnaires were used to determine the children's dietary patterns. Principal Components Analysis was employed to create two component scores representing 'unhealthy' and 'healthy' dietary patterns. Multilevel models accounting for clustering at the school and site level were used to examine the relationships among dietary patterns and SES.The mean age of participants in this study (53.7% girls) was 10.4 years. Largest proportions of total variance in dietary patterns occurred at the individual, site, and school levels (individual, school, site: 62.8%; 10.8%; 26.4% for unhealthy diet pattern (UDP) and 88.9%; 3.7%; 7.4%) for healthy diet pattern (HDP) respectively. There were significant negative 'unhealthy' diet-SES gradients in 7 countries and positive 'healthy' diet-SES gradients in 5. Within country diet-SES gradients did not significantly differ by HDI. Compared to participants in the highest SES groups, unhealthy diet pattern scores were significantly higher among those in the lowest within-country SES groups in 8 countries: odds ratios for Australia (2.69; 95% CI: 1.33-5.42), Canada (4.09; 95% CI: 2.02-8.27), Finland (2.82; 95% CI: 1.27-6.22), USA (4.31; 95% CI: 2.20-8.45), Portugal (2.09; 95% CI: 1.06-4.11), South Africa (2.77; 95% CI: 1.22-6.28), India (1.88; 95% CI: 1.12-3.15) and Kenya (3.35; 95% CI: 1.91-5.87).This study provides evidence of diet-SES gradients across all levels of human development and that lower within-country SES is strongly related to unhealthy dietary patterns. Consistency in within-country diet-SES gradients suggest that interventions and public health strategies aimed at improving dietary patterns among children may be similarly employed globally. However, future studies should seek to replicate these findings in more representative samples extended to more rural representation.

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Project description:Principal component analysis (PCA) has been widely used in nutritional epidemiology to derive dietary patterns. However, although PCA-derived dietary patterns are population-dependent, their reproducibility in different populations is largely unexplored. We aimed to investigate whether major dietary patterns are consistently identified among different populations within a country and, if so, how similar these dietary patterns are. We conducted a systematic review of PCA-derived dietary patterns in Japanese adults using PubMed and Web of Science for English articles and Ichushi-Web and CiNii databases for Japanese articles. We assessed the reproducibility of major dietary patterns using congruence coefficients (CCs), with values ≥0.80 considered to represent fair similarity. From 65 articles (80 studies) included in this review, 285 different dietary patterns were identified. Based on the names of these patterns, major dietary patterns were Western (n = 34), Japanese (n = 12), traditional (n = 10), traditional Japanese (n = 9), healthy (n = 18), and prudent (n = 9) patterns. When assessment was limited to high-quality data (i.e., studies based on a sample size ≥200 and use of a validated dietary assessment questionnaire or multiple-day dietary record), the median CC was low for Western (0.44), traditional (0.59), and traditional Japanese (0.31) patterns. Conversely, the median CC was 0.89 for healthy, 0.86 for prudent, and 0.80 for Japanese patterns; and the proportion of pairs with a CC ≥0.80 was 87.3%, 64.3%, and 50.0%, respectively. Characteristics shared among these 3 dietary patterns included higher intakes of mushrooms, seaweeds, vegetables, potatoes, fruits, pulses, and pickles. In conclusion, this systematic review showed that some of the major dietary patterns are relatively reproducible in different populations within a country, whereas others are not. This highlights the importance of careful interpretation of PCA-derived dietary patterns. Our findings in Japan should be confirmed in different countries and globally. This study was registered at https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ as CRD42018087669.

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Dataset Information

Socioeconomic Differences in Dietary Patterns in an East African Country: Evidence from the Republic of Seychelles.

Background

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Socioeconomic Differences in Dietary Patterns in an East African Country: Evidence from the Republic of Seychelles.

Similar Datasets

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