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Cessation of alcohol consumption decreases rate of nicotine metabolism in male alcohol-dependent smokers.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Rate of nicotine metabolism is an important factor influencing cigarette smoking behavior, dependence, and efficacy of nicotine replacement therapy. The current study examined the hypothesis that chronic alcohol abuse can accelerate the rate of nicotine metabolism. Nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR, a biomarker for rate of nicotine metabolism) and patterns of nicotine metabolites were assessed at three time points after alcohol cessation. METHODS:Participants were 22 Caucasian men randomly selected from a sample of 165 smokers entering a 7-week alcohol dependence treatment program in Poland. Data were collected at three time points: baseline (week 1, after acute alcohol detoxification), week 4, and week 7. Urine was analyzed for nicotine and metabolites and used to determine the nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR, a biomarker for rate of nicotine metabolism), and total nicotine equivalents (TNE, a biomarker for total daily nicotine exposure). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS:There was a significant decrease in urine NMR over the 7 weeks after alcohol abstinence (F(2,42)=18.83, p<0.001), indicating a decrease in rate of nicotine metabolism. On average NMR decreased 50.0% from baseline to week 7 (9.6±1.3 vs 4.1±0.6). There was no change in urine TNE across the three sessions, indicating no change daily nicotine intake. The results support the idea that chronic alcohol abuse may increase the rate of nicotine metabolism, which then decreases over time after alcohol cessation. This information may help to inform future smoking cessation interventions in this population.

SUBMITTER: Gubner NR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4880506 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Cessation of alcohol consumption decreases rate of nicotine metabolism in male alcohol-dependent smokers.

Gubner Noah R NR Kozar-Konieczna Aleksandra A Szoltysek-Boldys Izabela I Slodczyk-Mankowska Ewa E Goniewicz Jerzy J Sobczak Andrzej A Jacob Peyton P Benowitz Neal L NL Goniewicz Maciej L ML

Drug and alcohol dependence 20160414

<h4>Background</h4>Rate of nicotine metabolism is an important factor influencing cigarette smoking behavior, dependence, and efficacy of nicotine replacement therapy. The current study examined the hypothesis that chronic alcohol abuse can accelerate the rate of nicotine metabolism. Nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR, a biomarker for rate of nicotine metabolism) and patterns of nicotine metabolites were assessed at three time points after alcohol cessation.<h4>Methods</h4>Participants were 22 Cauca ...[more]

PMID: 27107849

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Project description:IntroductionSmokers who use opioids smoke more cigarettes per day (CPD) than non-opioid users, which could be due to the effects of opioids on nicotine metabolism. Moreover, nicotine metabolism increases during pregnancy, potentially making quitting more difficult for pregnant smokers. We examined nicotine metabolism and its association with opioid use (OU) and CPD in pregnant smokers.MethodsWe recruited pregnant women who smoked at least 5 CPD for a clinical trial of smoking cessation. Plasma nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR; trans-3'-hydroxycotinine (3HC)/cotinine)-a biomarker of nicotine metabolism-OU (involving methadone, buprenorphine, fentanyl, oxycodone, or tramadol), and CPD were assessed at baseline. We used linear regression to examine the associations between log-transformed NMR, OU, and CPD, adjusting for race/ethnicity and menthol smoking.ResultsAmong 129 pregnant smokers, 25 (19%) were opioid users; most were maintained on methadone (n = 14). Compared to non-OU smokers, OU smokers had higher median CPD (10.0 vs. 7.0, p = .0007), serum 3HC (81.0 vs. 42.0 ng/mL, p = .0001), and NMR (0.63 vs. 0.43, p < .0001). In addition, methadone-maintained smokers had a higher median NMR than non-OU smokers (0.66 vs. 0.43, p = .0004). Adjusting for covariates, log-transformed NMR was greater in OU smokers (p = .012), specifically methadone-maintained smokers (p = .024), than non-OU smokers.ConclusionsOur preliminary results show that OU is associated with a higher NMR in pregnant smokers. A larger study sample is needed to replicate this finding, examine potential mechanisms, and determine its clinical significance.ImplicationsAmong pregnant smokers, we observed that nicotine metabolism was significantly faster among opioid users-the majority of whom were on methadone maintenance-compared to nonusers, which could have implications for smoking cessation. Further studies are needed to replicate this finding, evaluate potential mechanisms, and determine its clinical significance.

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Cessation of alcohol consumption decreases rate of nicotine metabolism in male alcohol-dependent smokers.

Publications

Cessation of alcohol consumption decreases rate of nicotine metabolism in male alcohol-dependent smokers.

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