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Histiocytic sarcoma with central nervous system involvement in dogs: 19 cases (2006-2012).

ABSTRACT: Reports of histiocytic sarcoma (HS) involving the central nervous system (CNS) are sparse and consist mainly of case reports describing 1-3 animals.The objective of this study was to report the signalments, clinical signs, clinicopathologic and diagnostic imaging findings, treatment, and outcome of a series of dogs with HS and CNS involvement.Nineteen dogs with HS examined at veterinary referral hospitals.Retrospective case series. Medical records were reviewed and cases with a histopathological diagnosis of CNS HS were included in the study. Diagnostic imaging studies of the CNS were evaluated and histopathologic samples were reviewed to confirm the diagnosis.Retrievers and Pembroke Welsh Corgis were overrepresented in this cohort of dogs. Tumors involved the brain in 14 dogs and the spinal cord in 5. In 4 dogs, HS was part of a disseminated, multiorgan process whereas it appeared confined to the CNS in 15 dogs. Diagnostic imaging had variable appearances although extraaxial masses predominated in the brain. There was meningeal enhancement in all dogs that was often profound and remote from the primary mass lesion. Pleocytosis was present in all dogs with CSF evaluation. Median survival was 3 days.Breed predispositions appear to vary from reports of HS in other organ systems. Some unique imaging and clinicopathologic characteristics, particularly brain herniation, profound meningeal enhancement, and pleocytosis in combination with 1 or more mass lesions, might help to differentiate this neoplasm from others involving the CNS, although this requires further study.

SUBMITTER: Mariani CL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4895499 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Mar-Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Histiocytic sarcoma with central nervous system involvement in dogs: 19 cases (2006-2012).

Mariani C L CL Jennings M K MK Olby N J NJ Borst L B LB Brown J C JC Robertson I D ID Seiler G S GS MacKillop E E

Journal of veterinary internal medicine 20150225 2

<h4>Background</h4>Reports of histiocytic sarcoma (HS) involving the central nervous system (CNS) are sparse and consist mainly of case reports describing 1-3 animals.<h4>Objective</h4>The objective of this study was to report the signalments, clinical signs, clinicopathologic and diagnostic imaging findings, treatment, and outcome of a series of dogs with HS and CNS involvement.<h4>Animals</h4>Nineteen dogs with HS examined at veterinary referral hospitals.<h4>Methods</h4>Retrospective case ser ...[more]

PMID: 25711602

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Project description:Central nervous system (CNS) involvement of graft versus host disease (GvHD) is a rare cause of CNS disorders after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Chronic CNS GvHD symptoms are heterogeneous and include cerebrovascular manifestations, demyelinating disease and immune-mediated encephalitis. CNS-Acute GvHD is not formally defined in literature.We report 7 cases of CNS-GvHD among which two had histological-proven disease. We reviewed 32 additional cases of CNS GvHD published in literature since 1990. In this cohort, 34 patients were transplanted for hematologic malignancies, and 5 for non-malignant hematopoiesis disorders. Of these patients, 25 had a history of chronic GvHD and immunosuppressive treatment had been decreased or discontinued in 14 patients before neurological symptoms onset. Median neurological disorder onset was 385 days [7-7320]. Patients had stroke-like episodes (n?=?7), lacunar syndromes (n?=?3), multiple sclerosis-like presentations (n?=?7), acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis-like symptoms (n?=?4), encephalitis (n?=?14), mass syndrome (n?=?1), and 3 had non-specific symptoms. Median neurological symptoms onset was 81.5 days [7-1095] for patients without chronic GVHD history versus 549 days [11-7300] for patients with chronic GVHD (P?=?0.001). Patients with early involvement of CNS after allo-HSCT and no chronic GVHD symptoms were more frequently suffering from encephalitis (64% versus 28%, P?=?0.07), whereas stroke-like episodes and lacunar symptoms were less frequent (9% versus 36%, P?=?0.13).34 patients with CNS-GvHD were treated with immunosuppressive therapy, including corticosteroids for 31 of them. Other treatments were intravenous immunoglobulin, plasmapheresis, cyclophosphamide, calcineurin inhibitors, mycophenolic acid, methotrexate and etoposide.27 patients achieved a response: 10 complete responses, 15 partial responses and 2 transient responses. Of 25 patients with sufficient follow-up, 7 were alive and 18 patients deceased after CNS-GvHD diagnosis.CNS-related GvHD is a rare cause of CNS disorders after allo-HSCT and is associated with a poor prognosis.

Dataset Information

Histiocytic sarcoma with central nervous system involvement in dogs: 19 cases (2006-2012).

Publications

Histiocytic sarcoma with central nervous system involvement in dogs: 19 cases (2006-2012).

Similar Datasets

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