Dataset Information

Personality and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults: Data From a Longitudinal Sample and Meta-Analysis.

ABSTRACT: Personality traits are associated with risk of dementia; less is known about their association with the trajectory of cognitive functioning. This research examines the association between the 5 major dimensions of personality and cognitive function and decline in older adulthood and includes a meta-analysis of published studies.Personality traits, objective and subjective memory, and cognitive status were collected in a large national sample (N = 13,987) with a 4-year follow-up period. For each trait, the meta-analysis pooled results from up to 5 prospective studies to examine personality and change in global cognition.Higher Neuroticism was associated with worse performance on all cognitive measures and greater decline in memory, whereas higher Conscientiousness and Openness were associated with better memory performance concurrently and less decline over time. All traits were associated with subjective memory. Higher Conscientiousness and lower Extraversion were associated with better cognitive status and less decline. Although modest, these associations were generally larger than that of hypertension, diabetes, history of psychological treatment, obesity, smoking, and physical inactivity. The meta-analysis supported the association between Neuroticism and Conscientiousness and cognitive decline.Personality is associated with cognitive decline in older adults, with effects comparable to established clinical and lifestyle risk factors.

SUBMITTER: Luchetti M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4903032 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Personality and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults: Data From a Longitudinal Sample and Meta-Analysis.

Luchetti Martina M Terracciano Antonio A Stephan Yannick Y Sutin Angelina R AR

The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences 20150112 4

<h4>Objectives</h4>Personality traits are associated with risk of dementia; less is known about their association with the trajectory of cognitive functioning. This research examines the association between the 5 major dimensions of personality and cognitive function and decline in older adulthood and includes a meta-analysis of published studies.<h4>Method</h4>Personality traits, objective and subjective memory, and cognitive status were collected in a large national sample (N = 13,987) with a ...[more]

PMID: 25583598

Similar Datasets

Project description:ImportancePhysical activity is associated with the risk for cognitive decline, but much of the evidence in this domain comes from studies with short follow-ups, which is prone to reverse causation bias.ObjectiveTo examine how length of follow-up, baseline age, physical activity amount, and study quality modify the longitudinal associations of physical activity with cognition.Data sourcesObservational studies of adults with a prospective follow-up of at least 1 year, a valid baseline cognitive measure or midlife cohort, and an estimate of the association of baseline physical activity and follow-up cognition were sought from PsycInfo, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and PubMed, with the final search conducted on November 2, 2022.Study selectionTwo independent researchers screened titles with abstracts and full-text reports.Data extraction and synthesisTwo reviewers independently assessed study quality and extracted data. Pooled estimates of association were calculated with random-effects meta-analyses. An extensive set of moderators, funnel plots, and scatter plots of physical activity amount were examined. This study is reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline.Main outcomes and measuresPooled estimates of the associations between physical activity and global cognition, as well as specific cognitive domains, were examined.ResultsA total of 104 studies with 341 471 participants were assessed. Analysis of binary outcomes included 45 studies with 102 452 individuals, analysis of follow-up global cognition included 14 studies with 41 045 individuals, and analysis of change in global cognition included 25 studies with 67 463 individuals. Physical activity was associated with a decreased incidence of cognitive impairment or decline after correction for funnel plot asymmetry (pooled risk ratio, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.97-0.99), but there was no significant association in follow-ups longer than 10 years. Physical activity was associated with follow-up global cognition (standardized regression coefficient, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.02-0.03) and change in global cognition (standardized regression coefficient, 0.01; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.02) from trim-and-fill analyses, with no clear dose-response or moderation by follow-up length, baseline age, study quality or adjustment for baseline cognition. The specific cognitive domains associated with physical activity were episodic memory (standardized regression coefficient, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.02-0.04) and verbal fluency (standardized regression coefficient, 0.05; 95% CI, 0.03-0.08).Conclusions and relevanceIn this meta-analysis of the association of physical activity with cognitive decline, physical activity was associated with better late-life cognition, but the association was weak. However, even a weak association is important from a population health perspective.

Project description:BackgroundHearing loss has been reported as the most significant modifiable risk factor for dementia, but it is still unknown whether auditory rehabilitation can practically prevent cognitive decline. We aim to systematically analyze the longitudinal effects of auditory rehabilitation via cochlear implants (CIs).MethodsIn this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched relevant literature published from January 1, 2000 to April 30, 2022, using electronic databases, and selected studies in which CIs were performed mainly on older adults and follow-up assessments were conducted in both domains: speech perception and cognitive function. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted for each domain and for each timepoint comparison (pre-CI vs. six months post-CI; six months post-CI vs. 12 months post-CI; pre-CI vs. 12 months post-CI), and heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q test.FindingsOf the 1918 retrieved articles, 20 research papers (648 CI subjects) were included. The results demonstrated that speech perception was rapidly enhanced after CI, whereas cognitive function had different speeds of improvement for different subtypes: executive function steadily improved significantly up to 12 months post-CI (g = 0.281, p < 0.001; g = 0.115, p = 0.003; g = 0.260, p < 0.001 in the order of timepoint comparison); verbal memory was significantly enhanced at six months post-CI and was maintained until 12 months post-CI (g = 0.296, p = 0.002; g = 0.095, p = 0.427; g = 0.401, p < 0.001); non-verbal memory showed no considerable progress at six months post-CI, but significant improvement at 12 months post-CI (g = -0.053, p = 0.723; g = 0.112, p = 0.089; g = 0.214, p = 0.023).InterpretationThe outcomes demonstrate that auditory rehabilitation via CIs could have a long-term positive impact on cognitive abilities. Given that older adults' cognitive abilities are on the trajectory of progressive decline with age, these results highlight the need to increase the adoption of CIs among this population.

Dataset Information

Personality and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults: Data From a Longitudinal Sample and Meta-Analysis.

Publications

Personality and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults: Data From a Longitudinal Sample and Meta-Analysis.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets