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Clinical and Associated Immunological Manifestations of HFMD Caused by Different Viral Infections in Children.

ABSTRACT: Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), with vesiculae on the hands, feet and mouth, is an infectious disease caused by many viral pathogens. However, the differences of immune response induced by these pathogens are unclear. We compared the clinical manifestations and the levels of immunologic indicators from 60 HFMD patients caused by different viral pathogens to analyze the differences in the immune response. It was shown that Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) increased significantly in EV71-infected children; Th1 cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-?) rose in CA16-infected children; both Th1 and Th2 cytokines elevated in non-EVG-infected children; only individual cytokines (such as IL-10) went up in EVG-infected children. Meanwhile, the antibodies induced by viral infection could not cross-interfere between the different pathogens. These differences might be due to variations in the immune response induced by the individual pathogens or to the pathogenesis of the infections by the individual pathogens.

SUBMITTER: Wang J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4905128 | biostudies-literature | 2016

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Clinical and Associated Immunological Manifestations of HFMD Caused by Different Viral Infections in Children.

Wang Jingjing J Pu Jing J Liu Longding L Che Yanchun Y Liao Yun Y Wang Lichun L Guo Lei L Feng Min M Liang Yan Y Fan Shengtao S Cai Lukui L Zhang Ying Y Li Qihan Q

Global pediatric health 20160527

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), with vesiculae on the hands, feet and mouth, is an infectious disease caused by many viral pathogens. However, the differences of immune response induced by these pathogens are unclear. We compared the clinical manifestations and the levels of immunologic indicators from 60 HFMD patients caused by different viral pathogens to analyze the differences in the immune response. It was shown that Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) increased significantly in EV71-infec ...[more]

PMID: 27336013

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Project description:BackgroundZika virus (ZIKV) has generated global interest in the last five years mostly due to its resurgence in the Americas between 2015 and 2016. It was previously thought to be a self-limiting infection causing febrile illness in less than one quarter of those infected. However, a rise in birth defects amongst children born to infected pregnant women, as well as increases in neurological manifestations in adults has been demonstrated. We systemically reviewed the literature to understand clinical manifestations and health outcomes in adults globally.MethodsThis review was registered prospectively with PROPSERO (CRD 42018096558). We systematically searched for studies in six databases from inception to the end of September 2020. There were no language restrictions. Critical appraisal was completed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools.FindingsWe identified 73 studies globally that reported clinical outcomes in ZIKV-infected adults, of which 55 studies were from the Americas. For further analysis, we considered studies that met 70% of critical appraisal criteria and described subjects with confirmed ZIKV. The most common symptoms included: exanthema (5,456/6,129; 89%), arthralgia (3,809/6,093; 63%), fever (3,787/6,124; 62%), conjunctivitis (2,738/3,283; 45%), myalgia (2,498/5,192; 48%), headache (2,165/4,722; 46%), and diarrhea (337/2,622; 13%). 36/14,335 (0.3%) of infected cases developed neurologic sequelae, of which 75% were Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS). Several subjects reported recovery from peak of neurological complications, though some endured chronic disability. Mortality was rare (0.1%) and hospitalization (11%) was often associated with co-morbidities or GBS.ConclusionsThe ZIKV literature in adults was predominantly from the Americas. The most common systemic symptoms were exanthema, fever, arthralgia, and conjunctivitis; GBS was the most prevalent neurological complication. Future ZIKV studies are warranted with standardization of testing and case definitions, consistent co-infection testing, reporting of laboratory abnormalities, separation of adult and pediatric outcomes, and assessing for causation between ZIKV and neurological sequelae.

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Clinical and Associated Immunological Manifestations of HFMD Caused by Different Viral Infections in Children.

Publications

Clinical and Associated Immunological Manifestations of HFMD Caused by Different Viral Infections in Children.

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