Dataset Information

The Association Between Cervical Human Papillomavirus Infection and Subsequent HIV Acquisition in Tanzanian and Ugandan Women: A Nested Case-Control Study.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

This study was performed to analyze the associations between cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition, using cervical samples from previous studies in Tanzania and Uganda.

Methods

A total of 161 adult women who acquired HIV infection during follow-up and 464 individually matched HIV-seronegative controls were selected from 5 cohorts of women working in bars and recreational facilities. Stored cervical samples were tested for 37 HPV genotypes, using a polymerase chain reaction assay (Roche Linear Array genotyping assay). Multivariate matched analysis using conditional logistic regression was performed to evaluate HPV infection, persistence, and clearance as predictors of HIV acquisition.

Results

HIV seroconverters were significantly more likely than controls to frequently drink alcohol and to be infected with Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, or herpes simplex virus type 2. There was no evidence of an association between HIV acquisition and any detectable HPV at the visit prior to HIV seroconversion (adjusted odds ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, .66-1.57) or between HIV acquisition and persistent HPV infection (defined as 2 positive HPV genotype-specific test results at least 6 months apart), cleared HPV infection (defined as a positive HPV test result followed by negative HPV genotype-specific test result), or newly acquired HPV infection, compared with HPV-negative women.

Conclusions

There was no evidence of association between HPV infection status and subsequent HIV acquisition. These results stand in contrast to other observational studies.

SUBMITTER: Gallagher KE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4907415 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

The Association Between Cervical Human Papillomavirus Infection and Subsequent HIV Acquisition in Tanzanian and Ugandan Women: A Nested Case-Control Study.

Gallagher Katherine E KE Baisley Kathy K Grosskurth Heiner H Vallely Andrew A Kapiga Saidi S Vandepitte Judith J Kamali Anatoli A De Sanjosé Silvia S Changalucha John J Hayes Richard R Watson-Jones Deborah D

The Journal of infectious diseases 20160306 1

<h4>Objective</h4>This study was performed to analyze the associations between cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition, using cervical samples from previous studies in Tanzania and Uganda.<h4>Methods</h4>A total of 161 adult women who acquired HIV infection during follow-up and 464 individually matched HIV-seronegative controls were selected from 5 cohorts of women working in bars and recreational facilities. Stored cervical samples were t ...[more]

PMID: 26951818

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Project description:IntroductionGlobally, schistosomes infect approximately 200 million people, with 90% of infections in sub-Saharan Africa. Schistosomiasis is hypothesized to increase HIV-1 acquisition risk, and multiple cross-sectional studies reported strong associations. We evaluated this hypothesis within four large prospective cohorts.MethodsWe conducted nested case-control analyses within three longitudinal cohorts of heterosexual HIV-1 serodiscordant couples and one female sex worker (FSW) cohort from Kenya and Uganda. The serodiscordant couples studies were conducted between 2004 and 2012 while the FSW cohort analysis included participant follow-up from 1993 to 2014. Cases HIV-1 seroconverted during prospective follow-up; three controls were selected per case. The presence of circulating anodic antigen in archived serum, collected prior to HIV-1 seroconversion, identified participants with active schistosomiasis; immunoblots determined the schistosome species. Data from serodiscordant couples cohorts were pooled, while the FSW cohort was analysed separately to permit appropriate confounder adjustment.ResultsWe included 245 HIV-1 seroconverters and 713 controls from the serodiscordant couples cohorts and 330 HIV-1 seroconverters and 962 controls from the FSW cohort. The prevalence of active schistosomiasis was 20% among serodiscordant couples and 22% among FSWs. We found no association between schistosomiasis and HIV-1 acquisition risk among males (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.99, 95% CI 0.59 to 1.67) or females (aOR = 1.21, 95% CI 0.64 to 2.30) in serodiscordant couples. Similarly, in the FSW cohort we detected no association (adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) = 1.11, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.50). Exploring schistosome species-specific effects, there was no statistically significant association between HIV-1 acquisition risk and Schistosoma mansoni (serodiscordant couples: aOR = 0.90, 95% CI 0.56 to 1.44; FSW: aIRR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.53 to 1.20) or Schistosoma haematobium (serodiscordant couples: aOR = 1.06, 95% CI 0.46 to 2.40; FSW: aIRR = 1.64, 95% CI 0.93 to 2.87) infection.ConclusionsSchistosomiasis was not a strong risk factor for HIV-1 acquisition in these four prospective studies. S. mansoni was responsible for the majority of schistosomiasis in these cohorts, and our results do not support the hypothesis that S. mansoni infection is associated with increased HIV-1 acquisition risk. S. haematobium infection was associated with a point estimate of elevated HIV-1 risk in the FSW cohort that was not statistically significant, and there was no trend towards a positive association in the serodiscordant couples cohorts.

Dataset Information

The Association Between Cervical Human Papillomavirus Infection and Subsequent HIV Acquisition in Tanzanian and Ugandan Women: A Nested Case-Control Study.

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

The Association Between Cervical Human Papillomavirus Infection and Subsequent HIV Acquisition in Tanzanian and Ugandan Women: A Nested Case-Control Study.

Similar Datasets

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