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Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria and Silicon Synergistically Enhance Salinity Tolerance of Mung Bean.

ABSTRACT: The present study explored the eco-friendly approach of utilizing plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) inoculation and foliar application of silicon (Si) to improve the physiology, growth, and yield of mung bean under saline conditions. We isolated 18 promising PGPR from natural saline soil in Saudi Arabia, and screened them for plant-growth-promoting activities. Two effective strains were selected from the screening trial, and were identified as Enterobacter cloacae and Bacillus drentensis using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and 16S rRNA gene sequencing techniques, respectively. Subsequently, in a 2-year mung bean field trial, using a randomized complete block design with a split-split plot arrangement, we evaluated the two PGPR strains and two Si levels (1 and 2 kg ha(-1)), in comparison with control treatments, under three different saline irrigation conditions (3.12, 5.46, and 7.81 dS m(-1)). The results indicated that salt stress substantially reduced stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, relative water content (RWC), total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid content, plant height, leaf area, dry biomass, seed yield, and salt tolerance index. The PGPR strains and Si levels independently improved all the aforementioned parameters. Furthermore, the combined application of the B. drentensis strain with 2 kg Si ha(-1) resulted in the greatest enhancement of mung bean physiology, growth, and yield. Overall, the results of this study provide important information for the benefit of the agricultural industry.

SUBMITTER: Mahmood S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4911404 | biostudies-literature | 2016

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria and Silicon Synergistically Enhance Salinity Tolerance of Mung Bean.

Mahmood Sajid S Daur Ihsanullah I Al-Solaimani Samir G SG Ahmad Shakeel S Madkour Mohamed H MH Yasir Muhammad M Hirt Heribert H Ali Shawkat S Ali Zahir Z

Frontiers in plant science 20160617

The present study explored the eco-friendly approach of utilizing plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) inoculation and foliar application of silicon (Si) to improve the physiology, growth, and yield of mung bean under saline conditions. We isolated 18 promising PGPR from natural saline soil in Saudi Arabia, and screened them for plant-growth-promoting activities. Two effective strains were selected from the screening trial, and were identified as Enterobacter cloacae and Bacillus drentens ...[more]

PMID: 27379151

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Project description:BackgroundSoil pollution by heavy metals increases the bioavailability of metals like hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)), subsequently limiting plant growth and reducing the efficiency of phytoremediation. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have substantial potential to enhance plant growth as well as plant tolerance to metal stress. The aim of this research was to investigate Cr (VI) phytoremediation enhancement by PGPR.ResultsThe results showed that the 27 rhizobacterial isolates studied were confirmed as Cr (VI)-resistant PGPR, by using classical biochemical tests (phosphate solubilization, nitrogen fixation, indole acetic acid, exopolysaccharides, hydrogen cyanide, siderophores, ammonia, cellulase, pectinase, and chitinase production) and showed variable levels of Cr (VI) resistance (300-600 mg/L). The best four selected Cr (VI)-resistant PGPR (NT15, NT19, NT20, and NT27) retained most of the PGP traits in the presence of 100-200 mg/L concentrations of Cr (VI). The inoculation of Medicago sativa with any of these four isolates improved the shoot and root dry weight. The NT27 isolate identified using 16S rDNA gene sequence analyses as a strain of Pseudomonas sp. was most effective in terms of plant growth promotion and stress level decrease. It increased shoot and root dry weights of M. sativa by 97.6 and 95.4%, respectively, in the presence of Cr (VI) when compared to non-inoculated control plants. It also greatly increased chlorophyll content and decreased the levels of stress markers, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and proline. The results of the effect of Pseudomonas sp. on Cr content and bioaccumulation factor (BAF) of the shoots and roots of M. sativa plants showed the increase of plant biomass concomitantly with the increase of Cr root concentration in inoculated plants. This would lead to a higher potential of Cr (VI) phytostabilization.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that the association M. sativa-Pseudomonas sp. may be an efficient biological system for the bioremediation of Cr (VI)-contaminated soils.

Project description:Nitrogen (N) fixation through legume-Rhizobium symbiosis is important for enhancing agricultural productivity and is therefore of great economic interest. Growing evidence indicates that other soil beneficial bacteria can positively affect symbiotic performance of rhizobia. Nodule endophytic plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) were isolated from common bean nodules from Nakuru County in Kenya and characterized 16S rDNA partial gene sequencing. The effect of co-inoculation of rhizobium and PGPR, on nodulation and growth of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was also investigated using a low phosphorous soil under greenhouse conditions. Gram-positive nodule endophytic PGPR belonging to the genus Bacillus were successfully isolated and characterized. Two PGPR strains (Paenibacillus polymyxa and Bacillus megaterium), two rhizobia strains (IITA-PAU 987 and IITA-PAU 983) and one reference rhizobia strain (CIAT 899) were used in the co-inoculation study. Two common bean varieties were inoculated with Rhizobium strains singly or in a combination with PGPR to evaluate the effect on nodulation and growth parameters. Co-inoculation of IITA-PAU 987 + B. megaterium recorded the highest nodule weight (405.2 mg) compared to IITA-PAU 987 alone (324.8 mg), while CIAT 899 + B. megaterium (401.2 mg) compared to CIAT 899 alone (337.2 mg). CIAT 899 + B. megaterium recorded a significantly higher shoot dry weight (7.23 g) compared to CIAT 899 alone (5.80 g). However, there was no significant difference between CIAT 899 + P. polymyxa and CIAT 899 alone. Combination of IITA-PAU 987 and B. megaterium led to significantly higher shoot dry weight (6.84 g) compared to IITA-PAU 987 alone (5.32 g) but no significant difference was observed when co-inoculated with P. polymyxa. IITA-PAU 983 in combination with P. polymyxa led to significantly higher shoot dry weight (7.15 g) compared to IITA-PAU 983 alone (5.14 g). Plants inoculated with IITA-PAU 987 and B. megaterium received 24.0 % of their nitrogen demand from atmosphere, which showed a 31.1% increase compared to rhizobium alone. Contrast analysis confirmed the difference between the co-inoculation of rhizobia strains and PGPR compared to single rhizobia inoculation on the root dry weight. These results show that co-inoculation of PGPR and Rhizobia has a synergistic effect on bean growth. Use of PGPR may improve effectiveness of Rhizobium biofertilizers for common bean production. Testing of PGPR under field conditions will further elucidate their effectiveness on grain yields of common bean.

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Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria and Silicon Synergistically Enhance Salinity Tolerance of Mung Bean.

Publications

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria and Silicon Synergistically Enhance Salinity Tolerance of Mung Bean.

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