Dataset Information

Wingless ligand 5a is a critical regulator of placental growth and survival.

ABSTRACT: The maternal uterine environment is likely critical for human placental morphogenesis and development of its different trophoblast subtypes. However, factors controlling growth and differentiation of these cells during early gestation remain poorly elucidated. Herein, we provide evidence that the ligand Wnt5a could be a critical regulator of trophoblast proliferation and survival. Immunofluorescence of tissues and western blot analyses of primary cultures revealed abundant Wnt5a expression and secretion from first trimester decidual and villous stromal cells. The ligand was also detectable in decidual glands, macrophages and NK cells. Wnt5a increased proliferation of villous cytotrophoblasts and cell column trophoblasts, outgrowth on collagen I as well as cyclin A and D1 expression in floating explant cultures, but suppressed camptothecin-induced apoptosis. Similarly, Wnt5a stimulated BrdU incorporation and decreased caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18 neo-epitope expression in primary cytotrophoblasts. Moreover, Wnt5a promoted activation of the MAPK pathway in the different trophoblast models. Chemical inhibition of p42/44 MAPK abolished cyclin D1 expression and Wnt5a-stimulated proliferation. Compared to controls, MAPK phosphorylation and proliferation of cytotrophoblasts declined upon supplementation of supernatants from Wnt5a gene-silenced decidual or villous stromal cells. In summary, non-canonical Wnt5a signalling could play a role in early human trophoblast development by promoting cell proliferation and survival.

SUBMITTER: Meinhardt G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4911582 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Wingless ligand 5a is a critical regulator of placental growth and survival.

Meinhardt Gudrun G Saleh Leila L Otti Gerlinde R GR Haider Sandra S Velicky Philipp P Fiala Christian C Pollheimer Jürgen J Knöfler Martin M

Scientific reports 20160617

The maternal uterine environment is likely critical for human placental morphogenesis and development of its different trophoblast subtypes. However, factors controlling growth and differentiation of these cells during early gestation remain poorly elucidated. Herein, we provide evidence that the ligand Wnt5a could be a critical regulator of trophoblast proliferation and survival. Immunofluorescence of tissues and western blot analyses of primary cultures revealed abundant Wnt5a expression and s ...[more]

PMID: 27311852

Similar Datasets

Project description:Inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACi) has emerged as a promising approach in the treatment of many types of cancer, including leukemias. Among the HDACs, Class III HDACs, also known as sirtuins (SIRTs), are unique in that their function is directly related to the cell's metabolic state through their dependency on the co-factor NAD(+). In this study, we examined the relation between SIRTs and the growth, survival, and differentiation of K562 erythroleukemia cells. Using a mass spectrometry approach we previously developed, we show that SIRT expression and deacetylase activity in these cells changes greatly with differentiation state (undifferentiated vs. megakaryocytic differentiation vs. erythroid differentiation). Moreover, SIRT1 is crucially involved in regulating the differentiation state. Overexpression of wildtype (but not deacetylase mutant) SIRT1 resulted in upregulation of glycophorin A, ~2-fold increase in the mRNA levels of ?, ?, ?, and ?-globins, and spontaneous hemoglobinization. Hemin-induced differentiation was also enhanced by (and depended on) higher SIRT1 levels. Since K562 cells are bipotent, we also investigated whether SIRT1 modulation affected their ability to undergo megakaryocytic (MK) differentiation. SIRT1 was required for commitment to the MK lineage and subsequent maturation, but was not directly involved in polyploidization of either K562 cells or an already-MK-committed cell line, CHRF-288-11. The observed blockage in commitment to the MK lineage was associated with a dramatic decrease in the formation of autophagic vacuoles, which was previously shown to be required for K562 cell MK commitment. Autophagy-associated conversion of the protein LC3-I to LC3-II was greatly enhanced by overexpression of wildtype SIRT1, further suggesting a functional connection between SIRT1, autophagy, and MK differentiation. Based on its clear effects on autophagy, we also examined the effect of SIRT1 modulation on stress responses. Consistent with results of prior studies, we found that SIRT1 silencing modestly promoted drug-induced apoptosis, while overexpression was protective. Furthermore, pan-SIRT inhibition mediated by nicotinamide pre-treatment substantially increased imatinib-induced apoptosis. Altogether, our results suggest a complex role for SIRT1 in regulating many aspects of K562 cell state and stress response. These observations warrant further investigation using normal and leukemic primary cell models. We further suggest that, ultimately, a well-defined mapping of HDACs to their substrates and corresponding signaling pathways will be important for optimally designing HDACi-based therapeutic approaches.

Project description:Major signaling molecules initially characterized as key early developmental regulators are also essential for the plasticity of the nervous system. Previously, the Wingless (Wg)/Wnt pathway was shown to underlie the structural and electrophysiological changes during activity-dependent synaptic plasticity at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction. A challenge remains to understand how this signal mediates the cellular changes underlying this plasticity. Here, we focus on the actin regulator Cortactin, a major organizer of protrusion, membrane mobility, and invasiveness, and define its new role in synaptic plasticity. We show that Cortactin is present presynaptically and postsynaptically at the Drosophila NMJ and that it is a presynaptic regulator of rapid activity-dependent modifications in synaptic structure. Furthermore, animals lacking presynaptic Cortactin show a decrease in spontaneous release frequency, and presynaptic Cortactin is necessary for the rapid potentiation of spontaneous release frequency that takes place during activity-dependent plasticity. Most interestingly, Cortactin levels increase at stimulated synaptic terminals and this increase requires neuronal activity, de novo transcription and depends on Wg/Wnt expression. Because it is not simply the presence of Cortactin in the presynaptic terminal but its increase that is necessary for the full range of activity-dependent plasticity, we conclude that it probably plays a direct and important role in the regulation of this process.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In the nervous system, changes in activity that lead to modifications in synaptic structure and function are referred to as synaptic plasticity and are thought to be the basis of learning and memory. The secreted Wingless/Wnt molecule is a potent regulator of synaptic plasticity in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie these plastic changes is a major gap in our knowledge. Here, we identify a presynaptic effector molecule of the Wingless/Wnt signal, Cortactin. We show that this molecule is a potent regulator of modifications in synaptic structure and is necessary for the electrophysiological changes taking place during synaptic plasticity.

Dataset Information

Wingless ligand 5a is a critical regulator of placental growth and survival.

Publications

Wingless ligand 5a is a critical regulator of placental growth and survival.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure