Dataset Information

Component Analysis of Multipurpose Contact Lens Solutions To Enhance Activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.

ABSTRACT: More than 125 million people wear contact lenses worldwide, and contact lens use is the single greatest risk factor for developing microbial keratitis. We tested the antibacterial activity of multipurpose contact lens solutions and their individual component preservatives against the two most common pathogens causing bacterial keratitis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus The in vitro antibacterial activity of five multipurpose contact lens solutions (Opti-Free GP, Boston Simplus, Boston Advance, Menicare GP, and Lobob) was assayed by the standard broth dilution method. Synergy between the preservative components found in the top performing solutions was assayed using checkerboard and time-kill assays. The ISO 14729 criteria and the standard broth dilution method were used to define an optimized contact lens solution formulation against a clinical panel of drug-susceptible and drug-resistant P. aeruginosa and S. aureus strains. Preservatives with the biguanide function group, chlorhexidine and polyaminopropylbiguanide (PAPB), had the best antistaphylococcal activity, while EDTA was the best antipseudomonal preservative. The combination of chlorhexidine and EDTA had excellent synergy against P. aeruginosa A solution formulation containing chlorhexidine (30 ppm), PAPB (5 ppm), and EDTA (5,000 ppm) had three to seven times more antipseudomonal activity than anything available to consumers today. A multipurpose contact lens solution containing a combination of chlorhexidine, PAPB, and EDTA could help to reduce the incidence of microbial keratitis for contact lens users worldwide.

SUBMITTER: Lin L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4914654 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Component Analysis of Multipurpose Contact Lens Solutions To Enhance Activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.

Lin Leo L Kim Janie J Chen Hope H Kowalski Regis R Nizet Victor V

Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 20160620 7

More than 125 million people wear contact lenses worldwide, and contact lens use is the single greatest risk factor for developing microbial keratitis. We tested the antibacterial activity of multipurpose contact lens solutions and their individual component preservatives against the two most common pathogens causing bacterial keratitis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus The in vitro antibacterial activity of five multipurpose contact lens solutions (Opti-Free GP, Boston Simplus, ...[more]

PMID: 27139484

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Project description:Staphylococcus aureus is a frequent cause of ocular surface infections worldwide. Of these surface infections, those involving the cornea (microbial keratitis) are most sight-threatening. S. aureus can also cause conjunctivitis and contact lens-related non-infectious corneal infiltrative events (niCIE). The aim of this study was to determine the rates of resistance of S. aureus isolates to antibiotics and disinfecting solutions from these different ocular surface conditions. In total, 63 S. aureus strains from the USA and Australia were evaluated; 14 were from niCIE, 26 from conjunctivitis, and 23 from microbial keratitis (MK). The minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of all the strains to ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, oxacillin, gentamicin, vancomycin, chloramphenicol, azithromycin, and polymyxin B were determined. The MIC and MBC of the niCIE strains to contact lens multipurpose disinfectant solutions (MPDSs) was determined. All isolates were susceptible to vancomycin (100%). The susceptibility to other antibiotics decreased in the following order: gentamicin (98%), chloramphenicol (76%), oxacillin (74%), ciprofloxacin (46%), ceftazidime (11%), azithromycin (8%), and polymyxin B (8%). In total, 87% of all the isolates were multidrug resistant and 17% of the isolates from microbial keratitis were extensively drug resistant. The microbial keratitis strains from Australia were usually susceptible to ciprofloxacin (57% vs. 11%; p = 0.04) and oxacillin (93% vs. 11%; p = 0.02) compared to microbial keratitis isolates from the USA. Microbial keratitis isolates from the USA were less susceptible (55%) to chloramphenicol compared to conjunctivitis strains (95%; p = 0.01). Similarly, 75% of conjunctivitis strains from Australia were susceptible to chloramphenicol compared to 14% of microbial keratitis strains (p = 0.04). Most (93%) strains isolated from contact lens wearers were killed in 100% MPDS, except S. aureus 27. OPTI-FREE PureMoist was the most active MPDS against all strains with 35% of strains having an MIC ≤ 11.36%. There was a significant difference in susceptibility between OPTI-FREE PureMoist and Biotrue (p = 0.02). S. aureus non-infectious CIE strains were more susceptible to antibiotics than conjunctivitis strains and conjunctivitis strains were more susceptible than microbial keratitis strains. Microbial keratitis strains from Australia (isolated between 2006 and 2018) were more susceptible to antibiotics in comparison with microbial keratitis strains from the USA (isolated in 2004). Most of the strains were multidrug-resistant. There was variability in the susceptibility of contact lens isolates to MPDSs with one S. aureus strain, S. aureus 27, isolated from niCIE, in Australia in 1997 being highly resistant to all four MPDSs and three different types of antibiotics. Knowledge of the rates of resistance to antibiotics in different conditions and regions could help guide treatment of these diseases.

Project description:During the contact lens (CL) usage, microbial adhesion and biofilm formation are crucial threats for eye health due to the development of mature biofilms on CL surfaces associated with serious eye infections such as keratitis. For CL related eye infections, multi drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus (especially MRSA) and Candida albicans are the most common infectious bacteria and yeast, respectively. In this study, CL biofilm models were created by comparing them to reveal the differences on specific conditions. Then the anti-biofilm activities of some commercially available multipurpose CL solutions (MPSs) and antibiotic eye drops against mature biofilms of S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans standard and clinical strains were determined by the time killing curve (TKC) method at 6, 24 and 48 h. According to the biofilm formation models, the optimal biofilms occurred in a mixture of bovine serum albumin (20% v/v) and lysozyme (2 g/L) diluted in PBS at 37 °C for 24 h, without shaking. When we compared the CL types under the same conditions, the strongest biofilms according to their cell density, were formed on Pure Vision ? Softens 38 > Acuve 2 ? Softens Toric CLs. When we compared the used CLs with the new ones, a significant increase at the density of biofilms on the used CLs was observed. The most active MPS against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus biofilms at 24 h was Opti-Free followed by Bio-True and Renu according to the TKC analyses. In addition, the most active MPS against C. albicans was Renu followed by Opti-Free and Bio-True at 48 h. None of the MPSs showed 3 Log bactericidal/fungicidal activity, except for Opti-Free against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa biofilms during 6 h contact time. Moreover, all studied antibiotic eye drops were active against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa biofilms on CLs at 6 h and 24 h either directly or as 1/10 concentration, respectively. According to the results of the study, anti-biofilm activities of MPSs have changed depending on the chemical ingredients and contact times of MPSs, the type of infectious agent, and especially the CL type and usage time.

Project description:Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients chronically infected with both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus have worse health outcomes than patients who are monoinfected with either P. aeruginosa or S. aureus We showed previously that mucoid strains of P. aeruginosa can coexist with S. aureusin vitro due to the transcriptional downregulation of several toxic exoproducts typically produced by P. aeruginosa, including siderophores, rhamnolipids, and HQNO (2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide). Here, we demonstrate that exogenous alginate protects S. aureus from P. aeruginosa in both planktonic and biofilm coculture models under a variety of nutritional conditions. S. aureus protection in the presence of exogenous alginate is due to the transcriptional downregulation of pvdA, a gene required for the production of the iron-scavenging siderophore pyoverdine as well as the downregulation of the PQS (Pseudomonas quinolone signal) (2-heptyl-3,4-dihydroxyquinoline) quorum sensing system. The impact of exogenous alginate is independent of endogenous alginate production. We further demonstrate that coculture of mucoid P. aeruginosa with nonmucoid P. aeruginosa strains can mitigate the killing of S. aureus by the nonmucoid strain of P. aeruginosa, indicating that the mechanism that we describe here may function in vivo in the context of mixed infections. Finally, we investigated a panel of mucoid clinical isolates that retain the ability to kill S. aureus at late time points and show that each strain has a unique expression profile, indicating that mucoid isolates can overcome the S. aureus-protective effects of mucoidy in a strain-specific manner.IMPORTANCE CF patients are chronically infected by polymicrobial communities. The two dominant bacterial pathogens that infect the lungs of CF patients are P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, with ∼30% of patients coinfected by both species. Such coinfected individuals have worse outcomes than monoinfected patients, and both species persist within the same physical space. A variety of host and environmental factors have been demonstrated to promote P. aeruginosa-S. aureus coexistence, despite evidence that P. aeruginosa kills S. aureus when these organisms are cocultured in vitro Thus, a better understanding of P. aeruginosa-S. aureus interactions, particularly mechanisms by which these microorganisms are able to coexist in proximal physical space, will lead to better-informed treatments for chronic polymicrobial infections.

Dataset Information

Component Analysis of Multipurpose Contact Lens Solutions To Enhance Activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.

Publications

Component Analysis of Multipurpose Contact Lens Solutions To Enhance Activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.

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