Dataset of the use of tannin of nere (parkia-biglobosa) as a solution for the sustainability of the soil constructions in West Africa.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Banakinao S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC4915950 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:The evolutionary history of African savannah tree species is crucial for the management of their genetic resources. In this study, we investigated the phylogeography of Parkia biglobosa and its modeled distribution under past and present climate conditions. This tree species is very valued and widespread in West Africa, providing edible and medicinal products. A large sample of 1610 individuals from 84 populations, distributed across 12 countries in Western and Central Africa, were genotyped using 8 nuclear microsatellites. Individual-based assignments clearly distinguished 3 genetic clusters, extreme West Africa (EWA), center of West Africa (CWA), and Central Africa (CA). Overall, estimates of genetic diversity were moderate to high, with lower values for populations in EWA (allelic richness after rarefaction [AR] = 6.4, expected heterozygosity [HE] = 0.78, and observed heterozygosity [HO] = 0.7) and CA (AR = 5.9, HE = 0.67, and HO = 0.61) compared with populations in CWA (AR = 7.3, HE = 0.79, and HO = 0.75). The overall population differentiation was found to be moderate (FST = 0.09). A highly significant isolation by distance pattern was detected, with a marked phylogeographic signature suggesting possible effects of past climate and geographic barriers to migration. Modeling the potential distribution of the species showed a contraction during the last glaciations followed by expansion events. The exploratory approximate Bayesian computation conducted suggests a best-supported scenario in which the cluster CWA traced back to the ancestral populations and a first split between EWA and CWA took place about 160000 years before present (BP), then a second split divided CA and CWA, about 100000 years BP. However, our genetic data do not enable us to conclusively distinguish among a few alternative possible scenarios.
| S-EPMC6208456 | biostudies-literature
Project description:African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa) is a multipurpose leguminous tree species of nutritional and pharmacological value. The plant is widely distributed in Africa and across Nigeria's major agroecological areas (AEAs). Amidst declining cultivation and production, P. biglobosa is genetically threatened in its natural habitats due to overexploitation, deforestation, wildfires and lack of improved tree management practices. Consequently, concerted research efforts directed towards germplasm collection and assessment of genetic relationships are imperative for conserving its genetic resources, sustainable management and selecting promising landraces for breeding programmes. The dataset presents rbcL intraspecific genetic diversity and population structure of 62 P. biglobosa landraces in Nigeria. A relatively high level of diversity and a low degree of nucleotide variability was observed among the landraces. Relatively high values of 642 total allele sites, 601 polymorphic sites, 504 parsimony information sites, 883 total number mutations, 9 haplotypes and 0.55 gene diversity were recorded for the sequence dataset. Low values of 0.35 nucleotide diversity and 5 InDels events were also recorded for the dataset. The gene flow in this dataset demonstrated an extensive exchange of genes between the three populations of P. biglobosa, which influenced the level of genetic differentiation (Gst) between the populations. Significantly low Gst (-0.01) was recorded between the Guinea and Sudan savannah populations, a moderate value (0.03) was recorded between the Sudan savannah and Rainforest populations and a higher Gst value (0.05) was recorded between the Guinea and Rainforest populations. The dataset highlights potential evolutionary dynamics that might influence variations relevant to the breeding and conservation of P. biglobosa in Nigeria and across its range in West and Central Africa.
| S-EPMC10875239 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundAfrican locust bean tree (Parkia biglobosa) is a multipurpose species used widely in arid Africa by local communities. The present study focused on ethnic differences in use values and use patterns of P. biglobosa in Northern Benin, where the species widely grows. The use values according to the various ethnic groups in the study area have been evaluated in detail for P. biglobosa.MethodsFrom 13 ethnic groups, 1587 people were interviewed in the study area using semi-structured questionnaires. Principal Component Analysis was applied to analyze the use value and the use patterns of P. biglobosa for the different ethnic groups.ResultsAll interviewees in the study area knew at least one use of P. biglobosa. The various uses identified were medicinal (47%), handicraft and domestic (3%), medico-magic (1%), veterinary (1%), cultural (1%), food (25%) and commercial (22%). The various parts involved in these types of uses were: fruits [shell (2%), pulp (22%) and seeds (36%)], bark (17%), leaves (9%), roots (3%), flowers (1%) and branches (10%). The ethnic group consensus values for P. biglobosa parts showed that the seeds are used the most. The interviewees diversity value (ID) and equitability value (IE) indicated that knowledge concerning P. biglobosa use was distributed homogeneously among the ethnic groups.ConclusionsP. biglobosa is well-known and used in different ways by the local populations in the study area. Local knowledge on the species is diversified and influenced by ethnic group. Ethnic differences in use values and use patterns of the species were evident in this study.
| S-EPMC3251525 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Reports from previous studies now provide evidence that dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress play crucial roles in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes and its related complications. This research is aimed to investigate the potential effects of protein isolate from Parkia biglobosa seeds (PBPI) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats by measuring blood glucose levels, changes in lipid metabolism and biomarkers of oxidative stress. Diabetic rats were treated orally with graded doses of PBPI, 200 mg/kg bw and 400 mg/kg bw, and 5 U/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.) of insulin once daily for 28 days with the fasting blood glucose (FBG) monitored weekly. The effect of PBPI on the serum lipid profile was measured while the extent of lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as antioxidant parameters (superoxide dismutase; SOD, catalase; CAT, glutathione-S-transferase; GST and total glutathione; total GSH), was determined in the cardiac homogenates of diabetic rats. At the tested doses, treatment with PBPI was significantly effective in lowering FBG, serum triglyceride, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-c), while concurrently increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c). PBPI also significantly decreased the elevations witnessed in LPO levels and restored the biomarkers of oxidative stress in the cardiac homogenate of experimental rats. The results from this study demonstrate that PBPI could improve dyslipidaemia and cardiac oxidative stress in the experimental diabetic animal model possibly by reducing and effectively scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as well as by increasing antioxidant capacity in combating oxidative stress. Therefore, it can be concluded that PBPI could be explored in the development of a potent cardioprotective supplement or adjuvant therapy towards the management of diabetes and its related complications.
| S-EPMC6826478 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Microsatellite primers were developed for an indigenous fruit tree, Parkia biglobosa, as a tool to study reproductive biology and population structure. Here we use the primers to determine the number of fathers per pod. • Microsatellite loci were enriched in a genomic sample and isolated using pyrosequencing. Eleven primer pairs were characterized in two populations of P. biglobosa in Burkina Faso (each with 40 trees). The number of alleles per locus ranged from eight to 15, and one locus had null alleles. We genotyped seeds from 24 open-pollinated pods. The genotypic profiles of seeds per pod suggest that all seeds are outcrossed and that only one pollen donor sires all ovules in a single fruit. • Ten microsatellite markers were highly polymorphic. All seeds per pod of P. biglobosa were full siblings. The markers will be useful for reproductive and population genetic studies.
| S-EPMC4103441 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PremiseA good understanding of genetic variation and gene dispersal in tree populations is crucial for their sustainable management, particularly in a context of rapid environmental changes. West African Sudanian savannahs are being fragmented and degraded, partly due to expansion of crop cultivation and monocultures that reduce tree density and may impact pollinators. The population dynamics of important indigenous trees could also be affected. We investigated the influence of habitat fragmentation on patterns of genetic diversity and gene dispersal of a key Sudanian agroforestry tree species, Parkia biglobosa.MethodsUsing 10 highly polymorphic nuclear microsatellites, we genotyped 2475 samples from reproductive trees, seedlings, and embryos in four tree populations presenting different levels of habitat fragmentation.ResultsParkia biglobosa presented similar high genetic diversity across the four populations studied. Genetic diversity and inbreeding were similar between adults and embryo cohorts. In all four populations, the selfing rate was less than 1%. The effective number of pollen donors per tree was high (NEP ~ 18-22), as was the pollen immigration rate (from 34 to 74%). Pollen dispersal was characterized by a fat-tailed distribution with mean estimates exceeding 200 m. In three populations, stem diameter had a pronounced effect on male reproductive success. Here, the highest male reproductive success was observed in trees with a diameter at breast height between 60 and 75 cm.ConclusionsAt the scale analyzed, fragmentation does not seem to pose limitations to gene flow in any of the sites investigated, regardless of the landscape configuration associated with the different tree stands. The study provides useful insights on the reproductive biology of an important tree species in the West African savannahs.
| S-EPMC7496244 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundDeveloping and sustaining a data collection and management system (DCMS) is difficult in malaria-endemic countries because of limitations in internet bandwidth, computer resources and numbers of trained personnel. The premise of this paper is that development of a DCMS in West Africa was a critically important outcome of the West African International Centers of Excellence for Malaria Research. The purposes of this paper are to make that information available to other investigators and to encourage the linkage of DCMSs to international research and Ministry of Health data systems and repositories.MethodsWe designed and implemented a DCMS to link study sites in Mali, Senegal and The Gambia. This system was based on case report forms for epidemiologic, entomologic, clinical and laboratory aspects of plasmodial infection and malarial disease for a longitudinal cohort study and included on-site training for Principal Investigators and Data Managers. Based on this experience, we propose guidelines for the design and sustainability of DCMSs in environments with limited resources and personnel.ResultsFrom 2012 to 2017, we performed biannual thick smear surveys for plasmodial infection, mosquito collections for anopheline biting rates and sporozoite rates and year-round passive case detection for malarial disease in four longitudinal cohorts with 7708 individuals and 918 households in Senegal, The Gambia and Mali. Major challenges included the development of uniform definitions and reporting, assessment of data entry error rates, unstable and limited internet access and software and technology maintenance. Strengths included entomologic collections linked to longitudinal cohort studies, on-site data centres and a cloud-based data repository.ConclusionsAt a time when research on diseases of poverty in low and middle-income countries is a global priority, the resources available to ensure accurate data collection and the electronic availability of those data remain severely limited. Based on our experience, we suggest the development of a regional DCMS. This approach is more economical than separate data centres and has the potential to improve data quality by encouraging shared case definitions, data validation strategies and analytic approaches including the molecular analysis of treatment successes and failures.
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Project description:Forests and woodlands in the West African Guineo-Sudanian transition zone contain many tree species that form symbiotic interactions with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. These fungi facilitate plant growth by increasing nutrient and water uptake and include many fruiting body-forming fungi, including some edible mushrooms. Despite their importance for ecosystem functioning and anthropogenic use, diversity and distribution of ECM fungi is severely under-documented in West Africa. We conducted a broad regional sampling across five West African countries using soil eDNA to characterize the ECM as well as the total soil fungal community in gallery forests and savanna woodlands dominated by ECM host tree species. We subsequently sequenced the entire ITS region and much of the LSU region to infer a phylogeny for all detected soil fungal species. Utilizing a long read sequencing approach allows for higher taxonomic resolution by using the full ITS region, while the highly conserved LSU gene allows for a more accurate higher-level assignment of species hypotheses, including species without ITS-based taxonomy assignments. We detect no overall difference in species richness between gallery forests and woodlands. However, additional gallery forest plots and more samples per plot would have been needed to firmly conclude this pattern. Based on both abundance and richness, species from the families Russulaceae and Inocybaceae dominate the ECM fungal soil communities across both vegetation types. The community structure of both total soil fungi and ECM fungi was significantly influenced by vegetation types and showed strong correlation within plots. However, we found no significant difference in fungal community structure between samples collected adjacent to different host tree species within each plot. We conclude that within plots, the fungal community is structured more by the overall ECM host plant community than by the species of the individual host tree that each sample was collected from.
| S-EPMC8390883 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The data represents the bacterial community profile obtained through metagenomic sequencing of soil sample, collected from the 'Rarh' region of West Bengal, which is characterized by the lateritic badlands dating back to the late Pleistocene. Taxonomic binning and operational taxonomic unit (OTU) prediction of the Illumina sequencing data indicated the abundance Proteobacteria (61%) followed closely by Bacterioidetes (35%). The top two most abundant genera identified, were Sphingobacterium and Acinetobacter respectively. Chemical properties of soil, such as pH, organic carbon content, available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were also analyzed for enabling future researchers to correlate the abundance of microbial taxa with the prevalent conditions. These findings can be effectively used to formulate strategic microbiome engineering through bioaugmentation for a sustainable agricultural system.
| S-EPMC8086014 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The data article contains the experimental data and figures on the number of rooted cuttings, number of cuttings with callus, cutting mortality and root length of Parkia biglobosa cuttings. The investigated data are related to the research article "Effects of alternative hormones on the rootability of Parkia biglobosa." (Dunsin et al., 2014) [1]. In the experimental data, number of rooted cuttings, number of cuttings with callus, number of cuttings with mortality, total number of roots, total root length of cuttings and length of longest root of cuttings data employing alternative hormone (Pure Honey, Coconut Water, Moringa Leaf Extract) on the semi-hardwood stem cutting of Parkia biglobosa have been exhibited. The data would be useful to researchers finding alternate growth and rooting hormones that are cost friendly and for vegetative propagation during enrichment planting program of important tree crops that are difficult to propagate via seeds.
| S-EPMC6199776 | biostudies-literature