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Hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether combined with He-Ne laser irradiation-induced apoptosis in canine breast cancer cells through the mitochondrial pathway.

ABSTRACT: Hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) combined with He-Ne laser irradiation is a novel and promising photodynamic therapy (PDT)-induced apoptosis that can be applied in vitro on canine breast cancer cells. However, the exact pathway responsible for HMME-PDT in canine breast cancer cells remains unknown. CHMm cells morphology and apoptosis were analyzed using optical microscope, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling fluorescein staining and DNA ladder assays. Apoptotic pathway was further confirmed by Real-time-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting assays. Our results showed that HMME-PDT induced significant changes in cell morphology, such as formation of cytoplasmic vacuoles and the gradual rounding of cells coupled with decreased size and detachment. DNA fragmentation and cell death was shown to occur in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, HMME-PDT increased the activities of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and released cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytoplasm. HMME-PDT also significantly increased both mRNA and protein levels of Bax and decreased P53 gene expression in a time-dependent manner, while the mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2 were repressed. These alterations suggest that HMME-PDT induced CHMm cell apoptosis via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and had anti-canine breast cancer effects in vitro.

SUBMITTER: Li H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4921672 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether combined with He-Ne laser irradiation-induced apoptosis in canine breast cancer cells through the mitochondrial pathway.

Li Huatao H Tong Jinjin J Bao Jun J Tang Damu D Tian Wenru W Liu Yun Y

Journal of veterinary science 20160601 2

Hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) combined with He-Ne laser irradiation is a novel and promising photodynamic therapy (PDT)-induced apoptosis that can be applied in vitro on canine breast cancer cells. However, the exact pathway responsible for HMME-PDT in canine breast cancer cells remains unknown. CHMm cells morphology and apoptosis were analyzed using optical microscope, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling fluorescein staining and DNA ladder assays. Apoptotic pa ...[more]

PMID: 26645330

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Project description:ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to examine the apoptosis-promoting effects and mechanisms of hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME)-sonodynamic therapy (SDT) on endometrial cancer cells in vitro.MethodsEndometrial cancer cell samples were divided into four groups: 1) untreated control group, 2) HMME group, 3) pure ultrasound group, and 4) HMME combined with ultrasound, i.e. SDT group. CCK-8 method was utilized to assess the inhibiting effect of SDT on the proliferation of endometrial cancer cells. Optical microscope and field emission transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the morphology changes of the cancer cells induced by the treatments. Apoptosis rate, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were examined by flow cytometer. Fluorescence intensity measured by laser scanning confocal microscopy was used to explore the variation of intracellular calcium ion (Ca2+) concentration. Apoptosis-related proteins involved in both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis signallings were analyzed by western blot.ResultsSDT can effectively induce the apoptosis of endometrial cancer cells. Compared with ultrasound which is known as an effective anti-tumor method, SDT leads to a significant improvement on suppression of cell viability and induction of apoptosis, together with more remarkable modifications on the morphology and substructure in both ultrasound sensitive and resistant endometrial cancer cells. Further studies reveals that SDT promotes ROS production, induces loss of MMP and increases intracellular Ca2+ concentration more efficiently than HMME or ultrasound alone. SDT groups also show a rather high expression of apoptosis-promoting proteins, including Bax, Fas and Fas-L, and a significant low expression of apoptosis-suspending proteins including Bcl-2 and Survivin. Meanwhile, both cleaved caspse-3 and caspase-8 are dramatically enhanced in SDT groups. Multiple pathways has been proposed in the process, including the intrinsic activation by excessive ROS and overloaded Ca2+, silencing survivin gene, and the extrinsic pathway mediated by the death receptor.ConclusionGiven its considerable effectivity in both ultrasound sensitive and resistant cells, SDT may therefore be a promising therapeutic method for treating endometrial cancers.

Project description:Alternaria alternata FB1 is a marine fungus identified as a candidate for plastic degradation in our previous study. This fungus has been recently shown to produce secondary metabolites with significant antimicrobial activity against various pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the notorious aquaculture pathogen Vibrio anguillarum. The antibacterial compounds were purified and identified as alternariol (AOH) and its derivative, alternariol monomethyl ether (AME). We found that AOH and AME primarily inhibited pathogenic bacteria (MRSA or V. anguillarum) by disordering cell division and some other key physiological and biochemical processes. We further demonstrated that AOH could effectively inhibit the unwinding activity of MRSA topoisomerases, which are closely related to cell division and are the potential action target of AOH. The antibacterial activities of AOH and AME were verified by using zebrafish as the in vivo model. Notably, AOH and AME did not significantly affect the viability of normal human liver cells at concentrations that effectively inhibited MRSA or V. anguillarum. Finally, we developed the genetic operation system of A. alternata FB1 and blocked the biosynthesis of AME by knocking out omtI (encoding an O-methyl transferase), which facilitated A. alternata FB1 to only produce AOH. The development of this system in the marine fungus will accelerate the discovery of novel natural products and further bioactivity study.IMPORTANCEMore and more scientific reports indicate that alternariol (AOH) and its derivative alternariol monomethyl ether (AME) exhibit antibacterial activities. However, limited exploration of their detailed antibacterial mechanisms has been performed. In the present study, the antibacterial mechanisms of AOH and AME produced by the marine fungus Alternaria alternata FB1 were disclosed in vitro and in vivo. Given their low toxicity on the normal human liver cell line under the concentrations exhibiting significant antibacterial activity against different pathogens, AOH and AME are proposed to be good candidates for developing promising antibiotics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio anguillarum. We also succeeded in blocking the biosynthesis of AME, which facilitated us to easily obtain pure AOH. Moreover, based on our previous results, A. alternata FB1 was shown to enable polyethylene degradation.

Dataset Information

Hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether combined with He-Ne laser irradiation-induced apoptosis in canine breast cancer cells through the mitochondrial pathway.

Publications

Hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether combined with He-Ne laser irradiation-induced apoptosis in canine breast cancer cells through the mitochondrial pathway.

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