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Cloning and characterization of three fatty alcohol oxidase genes from Candida tropicalis strain ATCC 20336.

ABSTRACT: Candida tropicalis (ATCC 20336) converts fatty acids to long-chain dicarboxylic acids via a pathway that includes among other reactions the oxidation of omega-hydroxy fatty acids to omega-aldehydes by a fatty alcohol oxidase (FAO). Three FAO genes (one gene designated FAO1 and two putative allelic genes designated FAO2a and FAO2b), have been cloned and sequenced from this strain. A comparison of the DNA sequence homology and derived amino acid sequence homology between these three genes and previously published Candida FAO genes indicates that FAO1 and FAO2 are distinct genes. Both genes were individually cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The substrate specificity and K(m) values for the recombinant FAO1 and FAO2 were significantly different. Particularly striking is the fact that FAO1 oxidizes omega-hydroxy fatty acids but not 2-alkanols, whereas FAO2 oxidizes 2-alkanols but not omega-hydroxy fatty acids. Analysis of extracts of strain H5343 during growth on fatty acids indicated that only FAO1 was highly induced under these conditions. FAO2 contains one CTG codon, which codes for serine (amino acid 177) in C. tropicalis but codes for leucine in E. coli. An FAO2a construct, with a TCG codon (codes for serine in E. coli) substituted for the CTG codon, was prepared and expressed in E. coli. Neither the substrate specificity nor the K(m) values for the FAO2a variant with a serine at position 177 were radically different from those of the variant with a leucine at that position.

SUBMITTER: Eirich LD

PROVIDER: S-EPMC492379 | biostudies-literature | 2004 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Cloning and characterization of three fatty alcohol oxidase genes from Candida tropicalis strain ATCC 20336.

Eirich L Dudley LD Craft David L DL Steinberg Lisa L Asif Afreen A Eschenfeldt William H WH Stols Lucy L Donnelly Mark I MI Wilson C Ron CR

Applied and environmental microbiology 20040801 8

Candida tropicalis (ATCC 20336) converts fatty acids to long-chain dicarboxylic acids via a pathway that includes among other reactions the oxidation of omega-hydroxy fatty acids to omega-aldehydes by a fatty alcohol oxidase (FAO). Three FAO genes (one gene designated FAO1 and two putative allelic genes designated FAO2a and FAO2b), have been cloned and sequenced from this strain. A comparison of the DNA sequence homology and derived amino acid sequence homology between these three genes and prev ...[more]

PMID: 15294826

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Project description:Candida tropicalis is less commonly isolated from clinical specimens than Candida albicans. Unlike C. albicans, which can be occasionally found as a commensal, C. tropicalis is almost always associated with the development of fungal infections. In addition, C. tropicalis has been reported to be resistant to fluconazole (FLC). To analyze the development of FLC resistance in C. tropicalis, an FLC-susceptible strain (ATCC 750) (MIC = 1.0 microg/ml) was cultured in liquid medium containing increasing FLC concentrations from 8.0 to 128 microg/ml. The strain developed variable degrees of FLC resistance which paralleled the concentrations of FLC used in the medium. The highest MICs of FLC were 16, 256, and 512 microg/ml for strains grown in medium with 8.0, 32, and 128 microg of FLC per ml, respectively. Development of resistance was rapid and could be observed already after a single subculture in azole-containing medium. The resistant strains were cross-resistant to itraconazole (MIC > 1.0 microg/ml) and terbinafine (MIC > 512 microg/ml) but not to amphotericin B. Isolates grown in FLC at concentrations of 8.0 and 32 microg/ml reverted to low MICs (1.0 microg/ml) after 12 and 11 passages in FLC-free medium, respectively. The MIC for one isolate grown in FLC (128 microg/ml) (128 R) reverted to 16 microg/ml but remained stable over 60 passages in FLC-free medium. Azole-resistant isolates revealed upregulation of two different multidrug efflux transporter genes: the major facilitators gene MDR1 and the ATP-binding cassette transporter CDR1. The development of FLC resistance in vitro correlated well with the results obtained in an experimental model of disseminated candidiasis. While FLC given at 10 mg/kg of body weight/day was effective in reducing the fungal burden of mice infected with the parent strain, the same dosing regimen was ineffective in mice infected with strain 128 R. Finally, the acquisition of in vitro FLC resistance in strain 128 R was related to a loss of virulence. The results of our study elucidate important characteristics and potential mechanisms of FLC resistance in C. tropicalis.

Dataset Information

Cloning and characterization of three fatty alcohol oxidase genes from Candida tropicalis strain ATCC 20336.

Publications

Cloning and characterization of three fatty alcohol oxidase genes from Candida tropicalis strain ATCC 20336.

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