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Rumen-derived lipopolysaccharide enhances the expression of lingual antimicrobial peptide in mammary glands of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet.

ABSTRACT: Long-term high-concentrate diet (HCD) feeding can cause subacute ruminal acidosis in cows and subsequently trigger systemic inflammatory and immune responses. Therefore, we conducted the present study in which twelve lactating cows installed with ruminal fistula were randomly assigned to the HCD group (forage:concentrate?=?4:6, n?=?6) or the low-concentrate diet (LCD) group (forage:concentrate?=?6:4, n?=?6) and were fed for 20 weeks. Ruminal fluid, plasma and mammary gland tissue samples were collected at week 20 for analysing lipopolysaccharide (LPS), pro-inflammatory cytokines, and immune relevant gene expression. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of rumen-derived LPS on lingual antimicrobial peptide (LAP) synthesis and immune responses in mammary glands of lactating cows fed a HCD.Compared with the LCD group, the ruminal pH was lower in the HCD group, while LPS concentrations in the rumen, lacteal artery and vein were higher. The expression of LAP, BNBD5, IL-1?, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-? was enhanced in the HCD group. LAP protein expression was higher in the HCD group than that in the LCD group. The expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-?B) did not change, but was activated, as the amounts of phosphorylated NF-kB and phosphorylated inhibitory kB? increased in the HCD group compared with that in the LCD group.After long-term HCD feeding, rumen-derived LPS translocated to the blood stream, triggered inflammatory and immune responses and enhanced LAP synthesis via the NF-kB signalling pathway in mammary glands of lactating cows.

SUBMITTER: Jin D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC4924273 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Rumen-derived lipopolysaccharide enhances the expression of lingual antimicrobial peptide in mammary glands of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet.

Jin Di D Chang Guangjun G Zhang Kai K Guo Junfei J Xu Tianle T Shen Xiangzhen X

BMC veterinary research 20160627 1

<h4>Background</h4>Long-term high-concentrate diet (HCD) feeding can cause subacute ruminal acidosis in cows and subsequently trigger systemic inflammatory and immune responses. Therefore, we conducted the present study in which twelve lactating cows installed with ruminal fistula were randomly assigned to the HCD group (forage:concentrate = 4:6, n = 6) or the low-concentrate diet (LCD) group (forage:concentrate = 6:4, n = 6) and were fed for 20 weeks. Ruminal fluid, plasma and mammary gland tis ...[more]

PMID: 27350130

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Project description:Pten is a tumor suppressor gene regulating many cellular processes, including growth, adhesion, and apoptosis. In the aim of investigating the role of Pten during mammary gland development and lactation of dairy cows, we analyzed Pten expression levels in the mammary glands of dairy cows by using western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays. Dairy cow mammary epithelial cells (DCMECs) were used to study the function of Pten in vitro. We determined concentrations of β-casein, triglyceride, and lactose in the culture medium following Pten overexpression and siRNA inhibition. To determine whether Pten affected DCMEC viability and proliferation, cells were analyzed by CASY-TT and flow cytometry. Genes involved in lactation-related signaling pathways were detected. Pten expression was also assessed by adding prolactin and glucose to cell cultures. When Pten was overexpressed, proliferation of DCMECs and concentrations for β-casein, triglyceride, and lactose were significantly decreased. Overexpression of Pten down-regulated expression of MAPK, CYCLIN D1, AKT, MTOR, S6K1, STAT5, SREBP1, PPARγ, PRLR, and GLUT1, but up-regulated 4EBP1 in DCMECs. The Pten siRNA inhibition experiments revealed results that opposed those from the gene overexpression experiments. Introduction of prolactin (PRL) increased secretion of β-casein, triglyceride, and lactose, but decreased Pten expression levels. Introduction of glucose also increased β-casein and triglyceride concentrations, but did not significantly alter Pten expression levels. The Pten mRNA and protein expression levels were decreased 0.3- and 0.4-fold in mammary glands of lactating cows producing high quality milk (milk protein >3.0%, milk fat >3.5%), compared with those cows producing low quality milk (milk protein <3.0%, milk fat <3.5%). In conclusion, Pten functions as an inhibitor during mammary gland development and lactation in dairy cows. It can down-regulate DCMECs secretion of β-casein, triglyceride, and lactose, and plays a critical role in lactation related signaling pathways.

Dataset Information

Rumen-derived lipopolysaccharide enhances the expression of lingual antimicrobial peptide in mammary glands of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet.

Publications

Rumen-derived lipopolysaccharide enhances the expression of lingual antimicrobial peptide in mammary glands of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet.

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